Pyrolysis of black liquor for phenols and impact of its inherent alkali

Peng, Cuina; Zhang, Guangyi; Yue, Junrong; Xu, Guangwen

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.06.020

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, Meadol soda lignin and MeadWestvaco kraft lignin have been produced in the US since the 1940s, kraft lignin and lignosulfonate were also produced in Canada and Sweden for many years. 8,9 In the past, the application of lignin in producing phenol, 10 liquid fuels, 11 activated carbon 12 and carbon fiber 13 were investigated. 2,5 Recently, commercial kraft lignin production plants have been developed by WestFraser company in Alberta, Canada, using LignoForce technology 6 and by Domtar using Lignoboost technology in North South Carolina, USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 However, other value-added products can be generated from lignin in the general context of forest biorefinery. 8,9 In the past, the application of lignin in producing phenol, 10 liquid fuels, 11 activated carbon 12 and carbon fiber 13 were investigated. Alternatively, lignin can be modified and used as a surfactant in various applications including a binder, additive in oil drilling, dispersant for coal-water slurry, water reducing agent for cement and a scale inhibitor for recirculating cooling water system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water soluble kraft lignin–acrylic acid copolymer: synthesis and characterization

et al. 2015

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Lignin produced in the kraft pulping process is insoluble in water at neutral pH, which limits its application in industry. In this paper, kraft lignin (KL) was copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA) in an aqueous solution to produce a water soluble lignin-based copolymer. The copolymerization was carried out using K 2 S 2 O 8 -Na 2 S 2 O 3 as the initiator under alkaline aqueous conditions, and the influence of the reaction parameters, i.e. initiator dosage, reaction time and temperature, mole ratio of acrylic acid to lignin and reaction concentration, on resultant lignin copolymers were investigated. The mechanism of copolymerization of kraft lignin with acrylic acid was also discussed in this work. The resultant lignin copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The successful copolymerization of AA and KL was confirmed by the new absorption peak of carboxyl anions in the FTIR spectrum and new peaks in the 1 H-NMR spectrum. At optimal conditions, the charge density and molecular weight of lignin copolymer reached 1.86 meq g −1 and 46 421 g mol −1 , respectively, and the solubility of lignin after reaction was increased from 1.80 g L −1 to 100 g L −1 at neutral pH. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water soluble kraft lignin–acrylic acid copolymer: synthesis and characterization

et al. 2015

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“…Black liquor (BL) is considered as a good source of lignin, and annually approximately 240 million tons of black liquor is produced worldwide. 27 Therefore, it has a broad prospect in the production of phenolics. However, BL is usually left as residual waste in the pulp industry and directly burnt or even wantonly discharged, thereby posing a high risk of serious environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest bio-oil yield was 16–26 wt%, in which the main phenolic monomers were guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) and catechol with the yields of (0.74–1.66) wt%, (0.28–4.03) wt% and (0–7.08) wt%, respectively. Peng et al 27 studied the pyrolysis of BL into phenols and achieved 27 wt% bio-oil yield at 450 °C. The bio-oil was composed of mainly phenols including guaiacol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol and 2-methoxy-4 alkylphenols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of simultaneous use of microwave and ultrasound irradiation on the sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (SAHL) depolymerization

Rana

Nshizirungu

Park

2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…As an alternative, the combustion of black liquor is very well described [23]. The same feedstock is also studied in regards to gasification [24], co-gasification with different feedstock [25], pyrolysis [26], and hydrothermal carbonization [27], and even its gasification has been investigated to produce methanol [28]. The problem of corrosion should also not be underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications on Feedstock Processing and Safety Issues for Semi-Batch Operations in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass

Blasio

Salierno

Magnano³

2021

Energies

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Biomass with a large amount of moisture is well-suited to be processed by supercritical water gasification, SCWG. The precipitation of inorganics, together with char formation and re-polymerization, can cause reactor plugging and stop the process operations. When plugging occurs, sudden injections of relatively large mass quantities take place, influencing the mass flow dynamics significantly in the process. Reactor plugging is a phenomenon very well observed during SCWG of industrial feedstock, which hinders scale-up initiatives, and it is seldom studied with precision in the literature. The present study provides an accurate evaluation of continuous tubular reactor dynamics in the event of sudden injections of water. An interpretation of the results regarding water properties at supercritical conditions contributes to comprehending mass and heat transfer when plugging occurs. Experiments are then compared to SCWG of a biomass sample aiming to give key insights into heat transfer and fluid dynamics mechanisms that could help develop operational and control strategies to increase the reliability of SCWG. In addition, a simplified model is presented to assess the effect of material integrity on burst-event likelihood, which states that SCWG is safe to operate, at 250 bar and 610 °C, in tubular reactors made of 0.22 wall thickness-to-diameter ratio Inconel-625 with superficial microfractures smaller than 30 µm. We also suggest improvement opportunities for the safety of SCWG in continuous operation mode.

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Pyrolysis of black liquor for phenols and impact of its inherent alkali

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Water soluble kraft lignin–acrylic acid copolymer: synthesis and characterization

Water soluble kraft lignin–acrylic acid copolymer: synthesis and characterization

Effect of simultaneous use of microwave and ultrasound irradiation on the sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (SAHL) depolymerization

Implications on Feedstock Processing and Safety Issues for Semi-Batch Operations in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass

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