Pyrolysis of Dried Black Liquor Solids and Characterization of the Bio-Char and Bio-Oil

Chutia, Swagat; Narzari, Rumi; Bordoloi, Neon J.; Saikia, Ruprekha; Gogoi, Lina; Sut, Debashis; Bhuyan, Nilutpal; Kataki, Rupam

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.11.050

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The NMR outcomes disclosed that the BO obtained by thermal pyrolysis of MCS consists mainly of aliphatic structural parts. The obtained findings were similar to those announced for different BOs in the literature 90–94 . Nevertheless, the variations in the percentage of each fraction in comparison with those of other BO samples in the literature could be ascribed to numerous reasons, such as type of the feedstock (seed, de‐oiled seed, algae, etc.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Thus, the yields of both the BO and BC declined. Similar results were also announced by Cheng et al, 90 Brossar et al, 91 and Acikalin et al 92 during the pyrolysis of Crofton weed, bagasse briquette, and pistachio shells, respectively. Therefore, 60 min has been set as the optimum period for the pyrolysis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The SEM image of the BC, which is illustrated in Figure 12, also confirmed the porosity of the washed BC because of the presence of numerous cavities of diverse sizes and asymmetrical shapes. These pores have arisen as a consequence of the devolatilization of the pristine biomass during thermal treatment 92 . Besides, the surface area of the produced BC is higher than that announced for other BC samples in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) seeds were exploited as possible nonedible feedstock for the synthesis of liquid biofuels, namely, biodiesel and bio‐oil via alkali–alcoholysis and pyrolysis routes, respectively. The alkali–alcoholysis reaction of mandarin seed oil with an equivalent mixture of methanol–ethanol alcohols was examined and optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best experimental yield of biodiesel (95.55 ± 1.55 wt.%) was comparable with the predicted yield (95.0 wt.%). Also, analysis by one‐way ANOVA showed that the selected variables were statistically significant. The 1H NMR spectroscopy asserted the transformation of the oil to biodiesel. Also, the evaluated properties of the biodiesel were in the range given by ASTM D6751 standards. The mandarin citrus seeds have also subjected to the thermal pyrolysis process in a fixed‐bed reactor to obtain bio‐oil and bio‐char. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, time, feed particle size, and heating rate on the bio‐oil yield was optimized. The highest yield of bio‐oil (52.34 ± 1.25 wt.%) was attained at 475°C for 60 min using 70 mesh particle size of the feed with a heating rate of 20°C/min. The bio‐oil was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ultimate analysis. The bio‐oil derived from MCS has an empirical formula of CH1.88 O0.16 N0.012 S0.0005 with 37.96 MJ/kg of heating value. The elevated carbon level, low oxygen content, and high calorific value (25.45 MJ/kg) of the attained bio‐char suggest its suitability as a solid fuel. Also, the obtained bio‐char can be utilized for preparing carbon adsorbent as a result of its good surface area.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The peaks at 671 cm −1 corresponded to the bending vibration of C-H in the benzene ring structures [21]. The peak at 471 cm −1 confirmed the existence of the Fe-O and Al-O band [25]. The FTIR test confirmed the existence of -COOH, -NH, and -OH structure in the carbonaceous deposit layers.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 79%

Formation and Evolution Mechanism for Carbonaceous Deposits on the Surface of a Coking Chamber

et al. 2019

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This work aimed to investigate the carbonaceous deposits on the surface of the coking chamber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectrum (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to investigate the carbonaceous deposits. FTIR revealed the existence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups in the carbonaceous deposits. SEM showed that different carbonaceous deposit layers presented significant differences in morphology. XRF and XPS revealed that the carbonaceous deposits mainly contained C, O, and N elements, with smaller amounts of Al, Si, and Ca elements. It was found that in the formation of carbonaceous deposits, the C content gradually increased while the O and N elements gradually decreased. It was also found that the absorbed O 2 and H 2 O took part in the oxidation process of the carbon skeleton to form the =O and -O-structure. The oxidation and elimination reaction resulted in change in the bonding state of the O element, and finally formed compact carbonaceous deposits on the surface of the coking chamber. Based on the analysis, the formation and evolution mechanisms of carbonaceous deposits were discussed.

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“…and it can be converted to bio-oil, which can serve the future energy demand. In addition, it is easy and economical to store and transport the liquid products than solid and gaseous products. , Studies related to pyrolysis of BL solid or isolated lignin from BL have been completed, showing that the pyrolysis products include bio-oil, activated carbon and bio-char. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Various Kraft Lignins and Impact on Their Pyrolysis Behaviors

Mondal

Qin²,

Ragauskas

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Lignin-derived chemicals and fuel products have received much attention in the context of bio-refinery. In this study we prepared and characterized various lignin samples from black liquor (BL), a major byproduct from the pulp and paper manufacturing processes, and studied the pyrolysis behaviors of these isolated lignin samples at 600 °C under a N 2 atmosphere. Three lignin samples were isolated from the Kraft pulping BL of Loblolly pine linerboard grade process (KL, obtained by direct evaporation; L10, obtained by precipitation at pH 10; L3, obtained by precipitation at pH 3), while another three were from the Kraft pulping BL of Loblolly pine bleach grade process (KB, B10, B3). The inorganic elements present in lignin samples were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyzer. The KL and KB samples contained a larger amount of inorganic elements, especially Na and S, than did the other lignin samples. Owing to large quantities of inorganic elements, the ash contents in KL and KB were higher than in the precipitated lignin samples (L10, B10, L3, and B3). These inorganic elements have a significant effect on the subsequent pyrolysis process, as a result, more extensive depolymerization of lignin occurred in KL and KB samples, leading to the formation of fewer pyrolysis oils, with lower molecular weights. NMR analyses of pyrolysis oils show that more methoxyl groups and ether bonds were cleaved, resulting in fewer methoxyl groups and aromatic C−O bonds for the KL and KB heavy oil than for the precipitated lignin heavy oil.

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Pyrolysis of Dried Black Liquor Solids and Characterization of the Bio-Char and Bio-Oil

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Formation and Evolution Mechanism for Carbonaceous Deposits on the Surface of a Coking Chamber

Preparation and Characterization of Various Kraft Lignins and Impact on Their Pyrolysis Behaviors

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