“…Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, even at low concentrations, have potentially fatal effects on natural ecosystems and human health (He et al, 2020 ; Keshvadi et al, 2020 ). For example, the occurrence of antibiotics in an aquatic environment can develop antibiotic resistance (Ben et al, 2019 ; Walsh, 2013 ; Wang, Chen, et al, 2020 ). In addition, it has been shown that 58%–68% of consumed common mild analgesic medicine acetaminophen (ACE) is released into the environment, which may transform to N‐acetyl‐p benzoquinone‐imine causing protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage to organisms (Behravesh et al, 2020 ; Tobajas et al, 2017 ).…”