Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons

Badger, G. M.

doi:10.1002/9780470171820.ch1

Cited by 61 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Hydrogen abstraction, C 2 H 2 addition and cyclodehydrogenation are two mechanisms for PAH production. − Small hydrocarbons, such as C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 , from long-chain hydrocarbon destruction can participate in a series of hydrogen abstraction, C 2 H 2 addition steps to form benzenoid PAH and larger ring compounds, while reactions of the aromatic constituents can also lead to PAH formation during the fuel-rich oxidation of pyrolysis tar. However, in this study, we did not detect C 2 H 2 or C 2 H 4 formation but a large amount of H 2 yields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Tar Conversion under Inert and Partial Oxidation Conditions in a Continuous Reactor

Luo

Chen

et al. 2011

Energy Fuels

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The formation and destruction of pyrolysis tar during the thermal cracking and fuel-rich oxidation have been investigated in a constructed test rig. Temperatures of 700À1100°C and equivalence ratios (ERs) of 0À0.403 were considered, and yields of gravimetric tar, gas, water, and soot were taken into account. In inert conditions, pyrolysis tar thermal cracking was greatly enhanced with the temperature increasing. CO and CH 4 increased almost linearly, and H 2 increased exponentially from 700 to 1100°C; meanwhile, oxygen-containing compounds or substituted 1-ring aromatics were converted into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the homogeneous reactor, the presence of oxygen induced more tar decomposition compared to inert thermal cracking. When the ER increased from 0 to 0.403 with a constant reactor temperature of 900°C, total tar yields reduced rapidly and reached a minimum value of 0.26 wt % at an ER of 0.34; meanwhile, the mass of noncondensable gases reached a maximum value. However, the mass of combustible gases, such as H 2 , CO, and CH 4 , were sharply reduced as the ER increased from 0.34 to 0.403. Although the aromaticity index increased gradually, most aromatic compound yields increased first and then decreased with the ER increasing, except naphthalene. It is considered that a proper oxygen/fuel ratio can promote the free-radical formation and accelerate the tar destruction, but excess oxygen will burn out most combustible gases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Tar Conversion under Inert and Partial Oxidation Conditions in a Continuous Reactor

Luo

Chen

et al. 2011

Energy Fuels

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“…58,59 According upon the results from a series of pyrolysis experiments, Badger suggested the stepwise synthesis of PAHs such as B[a]P from C2 species involving free radical pathways. 60,61 This mechanism could help to explain the observation that similar PAH profiles always emerge -irrespective of the kind of starting material. 22 ' 62 Even under different conditions of decomposition, such as nitrogen at temperatures between 700 and 1000°C, or at a temperature of 700°C in the presence of air, similar PAH profiles were found to be formed from different types of organic material.…”

Section: Mutation Of 'Tumorgenes'mentioning

confidence: 91%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Carcinogenesis – An Introduction

Luch

2005

The Carcinogenic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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“…PAHs are usually generated through the carbonization or incomplete combustion/pyrolysis of organic materials and accumulate in the food chain owing to their structural stability [ 5 ]. At temperatures >200 °C, the combustion of fat, protein, and carbohydrate can lead to PAH formation through dehydrogenation and bond breakage, while they are produced through polymerization at lower temperatures [ 6 , 7 ]. On the other hand, PAHs can be produced via carbonization at <200 °C and high pressure through substance decay [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oil and Processing Conditions on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pork Fiber

Lai,

Stephen Inbaraj,

Chen

2023

Foods

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Toxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be produced during food processing, especially meat products. This study aims to monitor the formation of HAs and PAHs in fried pork fiber, a common meat product in Taiwan, at different processing conditions. A total of six experimental groups, including raw pork tenderloin, dried pork filaments, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, lard-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, and lard-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, were prepared and analyzed for formation of HAs via UPLC-MS/MS and PAHs via GC-MS/MS in triplicate. Frying in sesame oil or lard showed a greater content of total HAs in fried pork fiber processed at 160 °C for 15 min than at 200 °C for 6 min. However, in the same heating conditions, pork fiber fried in sesame oil produced a higher level of total HAs than that fried in lard. Of the various HAs in fried pork fiber, both Harman and Norharman were generated in the highest amount. The precursors, including reducing sugar, amino acid, and creatine/creatinine, played a vital role in HAs formation in fried pork fiber. For total PAHs, the highest level was shown for pork fiber fried in lard at 200 °C/6 min, followed by frying in sesame oil at 200 °C/6 min and 160 °C/15 min, and in lard at 160 °C/15 min. Like HAs, at the same heating condition, a greater content of total PAHs was produced in pork fiber fried in sesame oil than in lard. Notably, the highly toxic benzo[a]pyrene was undetected in fried pork fiber. The PAH precursor benzaldehyde was shown to generate at a much higher level than 2-cyclohexene-1-one and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal in fried pork fiber, and it should play a more important role in PAH formation. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that the formation mechanism of HAs and PAHs in fried pork fiber was different.

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Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons

Cited by 61 publications

References 58 publications

Experimental Investigation of Tar Conversion under Inert and Partial Oxidation Conditions in a Continuous Reactor

Experimental Investigation of Tar Conversion under Inert and Partial Oxidation Conditions in a Continuous Reactor

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Induced Carcinogenesis – An Introduction

Effects of Oil and Processing Conditions on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pork Fiber

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