Pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene waste plastics using mixtures of catalysts

Soliman, Aya; Farag, H.A.; Nassef, Ehssan; Amer, Adel; El-Taweel, Yehia A.

doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01028-z

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The liquid hydrocarbon does not contain any aromatic compounds. Commercial bentonite and mixed catalysts (bentonite kaolin, silica gel, and activated charcoal) were investigated for the pyrolysis of LDPE at a 10/1 ratio of plastic/catalyst at a range of 550–650 °C by Soliman et al [28] . They found that pyrolysis of 200.0 g LDPE using 20.0 g bentonite provided 63.45 % liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Single‐Use Waste Polyethylene for the Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Using Modified Bentonite Catalyst

et al. 2022

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Bentonite has been modi ed using H 2 SO 4 at various concentrations to alter Si/Al ratio that is responsible for catalytic pyrolysis of single-use waste polyethylene (SUWP). The XRF analysis con rmed a gradual decrease of Al 2 O 3 content with an increasing concentration of H 2 SO 4 . The highest liquid hydrocarbon yield (87.48%) was obtained at Si/Al ratio of 34.24. To further activate acid-modi ed bentonite, bimetals (Cu/Ni, Fe/Ni, and Co/Ni) impregnation was conducted. The catalytic performance was compared with monometals (Ru, Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe) impregnated bentonite counterparts. The Co, Ni, or Cu impregnated bentonite catalysts (with 86, 83, and 86% yield) outperformed Fe and Ru impregnated bentonite catalysts (with 68% and 79% yield). However, bimetallic (Cu/Ni, Fe/Ni and Co/Ni) catalysts enhanced severe cracking leading to the formation of more gaseous hydrocarbons and thus less amount of liquid (70-80%) is obtained. Incorporation of iron into bentonite or Ni/bentonite increased the amount of 2-Octene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-compared to acid-treated bentonite and Ni/ bentonite catalysts. Moreover, Fe/Ni/bentonite has also increased the amount of 2-Octene, 2,6-dimethyl-compounds. The BET analysis shows that both surface area and pore diameter increased due to acid treatment resulting in an increase in the percent yield of liquid compared to raw bentonite. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis con rmed that the liquid hydrocarbon consists of linear and branched alkanes and alkenes with some cyclic hydrocarbons.The NMR analysis showed the liquid hydrocarbon is free from the aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Statement Of NoveltyAlthough twenty-rst century modern society is highly dependent on plastic products, we cannot overlook the environmental pollution caused by waste plastics. However, single-use plastic wastes have become a major environmental concern since plastic is not biodegradable. Plastic wastes escape from land ll sites generally end up in drains, rivers, and oceans if not disposed of safely. Plastic waste is a dangerous threat to aquatic life. So we could neither ban using plastics nor cause harm to the environment. A more feasible solution would be converting these plastic wastes into liquid fuels. Modi ed bentonite has been found to be a suitable catalyst to convert these plastic wastes into energy. Wastes generated from singleuse plastic commodities could be converted into liquid hydrocarbon in presence of modi ed bentonite catalysts. The liquid hydrocarbon produced in this manner could be used as fuel while reducing plastic waste and eventually protecting the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that pyrolysis of 200.0 g LDPE using 20.0 g bentonite provided 63.45 % liquid. On the other hand, pyrolysis of 200.0 g LDPE using 20.0 g mixed catalyst (5.0 g activated charcoal 5.0 g bentonite, 5.0 g kaolin, 5.0 g silica gel) provided 76 % liquid hydrocarbon [28] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Single‐Use Waste Polyethylene for the Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Using Modified Bentonite Catalyst

et al. 2022

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“…[23] 73.6 % oil from LD-PE with a mixture of catalysts (kaoline, bentonite, activated charcoal, silica gel) had been collected and their chemical compositions were 67.79 % saturates 7.47 % isoparaffins, 2.92 % naphthalene, 9.63 aromatics, and 12.16 olefins. [24] Total 8.01% oxygenate compounds were collected in diesel fuel from WPP such as 1-Trifluoroacetoxy-10-undecene is 0.13%, monohydric alcohols are 7.42%, aldehyde is 0.03%, and esters are 0.43%. Total 13.1 % oxygenate compounds were collected in diesel fuel from WTT such as esters is 3.94%, monohydric alcohols are 8.33%, and amide is 0.83%.…”

Section: Analyses Of Diesel Fuel From Wtt and Wpp With Srco3 By Gc-ms-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversions of Waste Tube-Tyres (WTT) and Waste Polypropylene (WPP) into Diesel Fuel through Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Base SrCO3

Singh¹

2021

Eng. Sci.

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Diesel fuels obtained from waste tube-tyre (WTT) and waste polypropylene (WPP) were found using the base strontium carbonate (SrCO3) as a catalyst through a catalytic-pyrolysis cracking. Liquid hydrocarbons fuels were analyzed through GC-MS-MS, FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, ICP. Physicochemical properties of diesel fuel were analyzed through ASTM methods. Their results were found such as saturates, naphthenes, aromatics, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, esters, amides, halides.

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“…High-temperature pyrolysis of LDPE resulted in improved selectivity toward light hydrocarbons. In this context, Soliman et al 69 studied pyrolysis of LDPE in a semipilot carbon steel autoclave reactor at 550−650 °C in the presence of commercial bentonite, kaolin, activated charcoal, and silica gel. The liquid yield was as high as 70% with a low carbon residue of 1.5% at shorter reaction time (2 h).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis: A Review

et al. 2021

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The increasing demand for plastics for their widespread applications has ultimately resulted in accumulation of substantial plastic waste, which remains a concern due to limited efforts, inadequacy, and environmental distresses of conventional techniques for waste plastics remediation. The enhanced production of raw materials for polymer syntheses has a dual impact on our ecosystem by causing rapid depletion of nonrenewable petroleum resources and waste generation. To address this situation, researchers have adopted advanced thermochemical recycling processes to produce intermediate products of the petrochemical industries including monomers, fuels, and other value-added products. Such practices can potentially serve the purpose of a circular economy. This review aims to cover the recent highlights in the field of waste plastics pyrolysis including critical observations from the past to provide precise understanding. Consequently, the reactivities and product distributions for plastic feeds, pyrolysis reactors, roles of catalysts, and effects of operating parameters on reactivity and selectivity have been covered. Coprocessing of plastic waste with radioactive materials, biomass, and heavy petroleum residue is also discussed. Furthermore, an overview on kinetics and mechanistic aspects of plastic pyrolysis is presented with a discussion on relevant analytical techniques. The applications of pyrolysis oil as a fuel or fuel additive are comprised in a separate section. Lastly, comparisons of existing chemical recycling technologies, summaries of commercial operations, and future projections are provided.

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Pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene waste plastics using mixtures of catalysts

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Single‐Use Waste Polyethylene for the Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Using Modified Bentonite Catalyst

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Single‐Use Waste Polyethylene for the Production of Liquid Hydrocarbon Using Modified Bentonite Catalyst

Conversions of Waste Tube-Tyres (WTT) and Waste Polypropylene (WPP) into Diesel Fuel through Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Base SrCO3

Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis: A Review

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