Pyrolysis of microalgae: A critical review

Yang, Changyan; Li, Rui; Zhang, Bo; Qiu, Qi; Wang, Baowei; Yang, Hui; Ding, Yigang; Wang, Cunwen

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.12.012

Cited by 254 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…From this Table it can be concluded that biomass char (microalgae and lignocellulose) has a high content of C (50.31−67.70 %) which can be used for materials fuel, adsorbent, softener soil and other purposes in the pharmaceutical field (Lingbeck et al, 2014). (Chaiwong et al, 2013;Jamilatun et al, 2017;Maity et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2019) 3.2.4. Gas Figure 7 presents gas volume percentage for pyrolysis product from a) SPR and b) SP sources.…”

Section: Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(10-48%), Nannochloropsis sp. (20-56 %), Scenedesmus obliquus (11-55 %) are available with a very high lipid content and are very suitable for biodiesel production (Suali et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2019). Whilst, low lipid microalgae such as Spirulina platensis (4-16.6 %), Spirulina maxima (4-9 %), Chlorella pyrenoidosa (2 %) and Tetraselmis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass and its residues

Jamilatun

Budhijanto

Rochmadi

et al. 2019

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Today’s needs of energy are yet globally dominated by fossil energy sources, causing the depletion of non-renewable energy. Alternatively, a potential substitute is the energy of biomass. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a microalgae biomass which, if extracted, will produce solid waste called Spirulina platensis residue (SPR). This research explores the pyrolysis product, produced within the range of 300 – 600 ºC, from the pyrolysis of SP and SPR using fixed bed reactors. The influence of temperature on pyrolysis product’s yield and characteristics are investigated by using mass balance method and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, respectively. The results from mass balance method present an optimum pyrolysis temperature of 550 ºC to obtain the desired liquid product of bio-oil, presenting the percentage of 34.59 wt.% for SP and 33.44 wt.% for SPR case. Additionally, with the increasing temperature, the char yield decreases for about 30 wt.% and the yield of gas seems to sharp increase from 550 to 600 ºC. These tendencies are both applied for SP and SPR source pyrolysis product. Interestingly, the benefit use as fossil fuel substitute might be derived, thanks to high HHV at the bio-oil product (32.04 MJ/kg for SP and 25.70 MJ/kg for SPR) and also at the char product with of 18.85-26.12 MJ/kg for both cases. The additional benefit come from the high content of C in its char product (50.31 wt.% for SPR and 45.26 wt.% for SP) that might be able to be used as an adsorbent, soil softener or other uses in the pharmaceutical field. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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Section: Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass and its residues

Jamilatun

Budhijanto

Rochmadi

et al. 2019

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…Microalgae exhibit a great ability for growing in nonagricultural areas, present rapid growth, and can use wastewater as a medium for growth. Another great advantage of the use of this biomass in pyrolysis is that it does not compete for resources with food production …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the biochemical composition of microalgae is an important factor that determines quality of the pyrolysis products. This composition depends on important factors such as the species and the growth conditions of the microalgae . Biller and Ross reported that the yields of bio‐oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction of different microalgae follow the trend lipids > proteins > carbohydrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the behavior of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Spirulina platensis in solar catalytic pyrolysis

et al. 2020

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Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of two distinct microalgae species during solar catalytic pyrolysis and the influence of their chemical composition and the process variables (biomass charge, reaction time, and catalyst percentage) on the product yields and bio‐oil composition. For this purpose, solar catalytic pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was performed using hydrotalcite‐derived mixed oxides as the catalyst. To gain more insight into the effect of composition on pyrolysis behavior, the biomasses were analyzed using various analytical techniques. The results indicated that a high percentage of catalyst (47.1%) culminated in liquid yields of 42.48% and 21.31% for Chlamydomonas pyrolysis and Spirulina pyrolysis, respectively. Additionally, Spirulina pyrolysis resulted in higher solid yields compared with Chlamydomonas pyrolysis. The results also showed that Spirulina bio‐oil was rich in oxygenated compounds, probably due to its high carbohydrate content, whereas Chlamydomonas bio‐oil was rich in nitrogenated compounds because of its higher protein content. The microalgae composition (lipids, protein, carbohydrates) exerted a large influence on the catalytic pathways and led to differences in yield and product distribution. A high percentage of catalysts preferentially promoted a deoxygenation of the bio‐oil obtained from Spirulina solar pyrolysis compared with that obtained from Chlamydomonas pyrolysis.

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“…Pyrolysis is one of the mostly studied biomass utilization technologies to produce energy products and fine chemicals [8,9]. Catalytic pyrolysis has the advantages of selective conversion and fast reaction, a promising method to improve the quality of final products [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Kapok Fiber for Production of Olefins

Qiu

Cai²,

Ye³

et al. 2019

Tr Ren Energy

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Pyrolysis of kapok fibers over mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM-41, Zr-MCM-41 and Cr-MCM-41 (the mole ratio of Si:Zr or Si/Cr=50) was studied by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Pure silicon MCM-41 showed weak acidity during pyrolysis with furfural as the main product. Zr-MCM-41 showed the dual-functionality of acid and base with both furfural and hydroxy acetone present in the products. Cr-MCM-41 was more acidic with more furfural produced. The optimal conditions for producing olefins were found to be 600°C and the ratio of kapok fiber to catalyst being 1:10 with the Zr-MCM-41 catalyst. The main products obtained via pyrolysis of kapok fiber were acetic acid, furfural, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, olefins, and alkanes. The excess of the catalyst and the high temperature of the reaction had certain effects on the pyrolysis of biomass to produce olefins, such as 1-decene, 1dodecene, 1-undecene, 1-tridecene and heptadecane.

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Pyrolysis of microalgae: A critical review

Cited by 254 publications

References 117 publications

Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass and its residues

Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass and its residues

A comparative study of the behavior of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Spirulina platensis in solar catalytic pyrolysis

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Kapok Fiber for Production of Olefins

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