Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges

Qureshi, Muhammad Saad; Oasmaa, Anja; Pihkola, Hanna; Deviatkin, Ivan; Tenhunen, Anna; Mannila, Juha; Minkkinen, Hannu; Pohjakallio, Maija; Laine-Ylijoki, Jutta

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104804

Cited by 464 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Fast pyrolysis is classified into two types, namely, i) Flash and ii) Ultrarapid, and the main product formed would be bio-oil and gases. In catalytic pyrolysis, the oxygen content of the product (Bio-oils) formed is vastly reduced by the addition of a catalyst, which increases its stability, energy density and acidity reduction ( Al-Salem et al, 2017 ; Qureshi et al, 2020 ). Each pyrolysis process is briefed below.…”

Section: Pyrolysis An Effective Technique For Decomposing the Covid-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 has led to the enormous rise of medical wastes throughout the world, and these have mainly been generated from hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare establishments. This creates an additional challenge in medical waste management, particularly in developing countries. Improper managing of medical waste may have serious public health issues and a significant impact on the environment. There are currently three disinfection technologies, namely incineration, chemical, and physical, that are available to treat COVID-19 medical waste (CMW). This study focuses on thermochemical process, particularly the pyrolysis process to treat medical waste. Pyrolysis is a process that utilizes the instability of organic components in medical waste to convert it into valuable products. Besides, the technique is environmentally friendly, more efficient, requires less landfill capacity, causes lower pollution, and cost-effective. The current pandemic situation generates a high amount of plastic medical waste, which has components like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon (N). These plastic wastes can be converted into valuable energy products like oil, gas and char through the pyrolysis process. This study provides detailed information about CMW handling, treatments, valuable product generations (biofuels), and proper discharge into the open environment.

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Section: Pyrolysis An Effective Technique For Decomposing the Covid-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes

et al. 2021

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“…Resource recovery is another alternative that can be utilized for producing oil, wax paraffin, benzene, styrene, terephthalic acid, di-isocyanate, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and carbon nanotubes from plastic waste through different techniques such as pyrolysis, hydrocracking, and gasification (Fivga and Dimitriou, 2018;Salaudeen et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2018;Yao et al, 2018;Zhang F. et al, 2020;Qureshi et al, 2020). The non-recyclable fraction of the plastic waste recovered after mechanical treatment (MT) can be used as RDF in energy extensive plants like chemical, cement, or paper manufacturing plants (Onwosi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Plastic Solid Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Waste Management in Indian Himalayan Region: Current Scenario, Resource Recovery, and Way Forward for Sustainable Development

et al. 2021

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With the growing population, solid waste management (SWM) is becoming a significant environmental challenge and an emerging issue, especially in the eco-sensitive Indian Himalayan region (IHR). Though IHR does not host high local inhabitants, growing tourist footfall in the IHR increases solid wastes significantly. The lack of appropriate SWM facilities has posed a serious threat to the mountain-dwelling communities. SWM is challenging in the highlands due to the remoteness, topographical configuration, increasing urbanization, and harsh climate compared to plain areas. Difficulty in managing SWM has led to improper disposal methods, like open dumping and open burning of waste, that are adversely affecting the fragile IHR ecosystem. Open dumping of unsegregated waste pollutes the freshwater streams, and burning releases major pollutants often linked to the glacier melt. Processes like composting, vermicomposting, and anaerobic digestion to treat biodegradable wastes are inefficient due to the regions' extreme cold conditions. IHR specific SWM rules were revised in 2016 to deal with the rising problem of SWM, providing detailed criteria for setting up solid waste treatment facilities and promoting waste-to-energy (WtE). Despite governments' effort to revise SWM; measures like proper collection, segregation, treatment, and solid waste disposal needs more attention in the IHR. Door-to-door collection, segregation at source, covered transportation, proper treatment, and disposal are the primary steps to resource recovery across the IHR. Approaches such as waste recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), and gas recovery from landfills are essential for waste alteration into valuable products initiatives like 'ban on single-use plastic' and 'polluters to pay' have a potential role in proper SWM in the IHR. Research and technology, capacity building, mass awareness programs, and initiatives like ‘ban on single-use plastic’ and ‘polluters to pay’ have a potential role in proper SWM in the IHR. This review highlights the current status of waste generation, the current SWM practices, and SWM challenges in the IHR. The review also discusses the possible resource recovery from waste in the IHR, corrective measures introduced by the government specific to IHR and, the way forward for improved SWM for achieving sustainable development of the IHR.

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“…Thermal degradation, i.e., pyrolytic decomposition of waste polymers into diesel, kerosene and gasoline fuels and synthetic gas is another industrially utilized way of the polymer waste treatment, though it is not the polymer recycling. These processes consume hydrogen that is needed for hydrogenation of unsaturated intermediates formed in thermal cleavage of polymer chains (Qureshi et al, 2020;Ramin, Assadi, Hussein, & Sahajwalla, 2014;Ratnasari, Nahil, & Williams, 2017).…”

Section: Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer degradation: a short review

Vohlı́dal

2020

Chemistry Teacher International

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The reader will find basic knowledge about the degradation of polymers, its causes, course and consequences in a broader context, as indicated through the list of the chapter titles: Introduction; Depolymerization; Initiated cleavage (degradation) of macromolecules; Thermal degradation; Photochemical degradation; Mechanochemical degradation; Oxidative degradation; Polymer burning; Kinetics of cleaving macromolecules when chain depolymerization is negligible; Degradation in polymer recycling; Protection of polymers against degradation.

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Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges

Cited by 464 publications

References 49 publications

RETRACTED: Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes

RETRACTED: Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes

Solid Waste Management in Indian Himalayan Region: Current Scenario, Resource Recovery, and Way Forward for Sustainable Development

Polymer degradation: a short review

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