Pyrolysis of sawdust with various Fe-based catalysts: Influence of support characteristics on hydrogen-rich gas production

Activity and Stability of Different Fe Loaded Primary Catalysts for Tar Elimination

“…In fact, the poorer metal dispersion on dolomite and olivine catalysts, and therefore the lower amount of Fe active sites available for reforming and WGS reactions, enhances catalyst deactivation, either by sintering, coke deposition or iron phase change (reduction in metal active sites by the oxidation of iron species). As reported by other researchers, iron is more active for tar cracking/reforming when it is in the metal state than oxidized, but the oxidizing nature of steam at high temperatures promotes the oxidation of Fe metal sites [37,83]. Furthermore, given the lower dispersion of Fe on Fe/olivine and Fe/dolomite catalysts, most of it will be deposited on the catalyst surface, which leads to faster coke deposition, and therefore faster deactivation [24].…”

“…The faster deactivation of olivine and dolomite catalysts shown in Figs. 7 and 8 suggests that the role of metal-support interactions, as well as the structural characteristics of the supports, in the metal dispersion may be relevant in the catalyst deactivation mechanism [37]. In fact, the poorer metal dispersion on dolomite and olivine catalysts, and therefore the lower amount of Fe active sites available for reforming and WGS reactions, enhances catalyst deactivation, either by sintering, coke deposition or iron phase change (reduction in metal active sites by the oxidation of iron species).…”

“…However, their main drawbacks are related to their rapid deactivation, mechanical fragility and high cost compared to natural minerals or alumina [36]. Currently, use of iron as an active phase is gaining more attention for tar reduction due to its lower cost, abundance and lower toxicity compared to nickel [37]. Iron is known to be an active species for aromatic hydrocarbon destruction (breakage of C -C and C -H bonds), as well as for the WGS reaction.…”

MSW Compost Valorization by Pyrolysis: Influence of Composting Process Parameters

“… 7 − 9 The most obvious process for the energy use of compost could be the combustion process, but due to the high energy and environmental efficiency of pyrolysis, it is a cleaner process than combustion, reducing emissions of polluting gases and improving the quality of the residual ashes; 10 it has proven to be an effective method for converting biomass into synthesis gas (CO + H 2 ). 11 Pyrolysis is carried out in the absence of oxygen, decomposing the materials at temperatures of up to 800 °C and finally obtaining mainly gases CO, H 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 O. 12 In addition, pyrolysis has another advantage over combustion and gasification that it has lower temperature requirements.…”

“…As per European legislation, MSW and any compost obtained from it must be exploited or appropriately disposed of under Directive 2008/98/EC and European Environment Agency (2016). , This has required developing new ways of reclaiming compost. In this sense, various studies have demonstrated the viability of compost as an energy source. − The most obvious process for the energy use of compost could be the combustion process, but due to the high energy and environmental efficiency of pyrolysis, it is a cleaner process than combustion, reducing emissions of polluting gases and improving the quality of the residual ashes; it has proven to be an effective method for converting biomass into synthesis gas (CO + H 2 ) . Pyrolysis is carried out in the absence of oxygen, decomposing the materials at temperatures of up to 800 °C and finally obtaining mainly gases CO, H 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 O .…”