Pyrolysis of some commercial phenol-formaldehyde bonding agents

Preparation of Organic/Inorganic Composite Phenolic Resin and Application in Al2O3‐C Refractories

“…Phenolic resin has been widely used as binder for carbon‐containing refractories, such as Al 2 O 3 ‐C and MgO‐C refractories, which have been used in the metallurgical industry . It plays an important role in these refractories owing to good wettability with graphite and oxide, high char yield, cured at low temperature, and so on . However, during the heating process, the pyrolysis and degradation lead to decrease in mechanical strength of refractories bonded with phenolic resin, and the pyrolytic carbon is easily oxidized at elevated temperature due to the amorphous structure.…”

In situ formation of carbon nanotubes and ceramic whiskers in Al2O3–C refractories with addition of Ni-catalyzed phenolic resin

“…It is well known that phenolic resin is a very important binder in Al 2 O 3 -C refractories because it possesses many good properties including high fixed carbon rate, good wettability with graphite and oxide and so on [4][5][6][7]. However, during the heating process, phenolic resin changes into isotropic glassy carbon with high brittleness which causes thermal stress in the materials.…”

In-situ development of carbon nanotubes network and graphitic carbon by catalytic modification of phenolic resin binder in Al2O3–MgO–C refractories

“…The products were processed in uncured condition and do not show any plastic phase formation during curing. PF resin shows good wettability with graphite and other oxides used, and has high fixed carbon rate [4][5][6]. The resin bonded bricks production, and processing is environmentally acceptable, due to these reasons PF resin bonded CCR bricks were used extensively.…”