Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals

Maher, K.; Bressler, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.025

Cited by 581 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Pyrolysis is normally done at medium to high temperature (623-1023 K) in which the biomass is degraded to yield pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. An extensive review on pyrolysis of different vegetable oils such as tung oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil, palm oil, macauba fruit oil, cooking oil, palm oils, soybean, and castor oils have been reported [35]. Generally, the process can be done by either direct thermal cracking or by a combination of thermal and catalytic cracking.…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the process can be done by either direct thermal cracking or by a combination of thermal and catalytic cracking. Reaction 6 Pa initial hydrogen pressure, produces castor bio-oil [35,36]. Moreover, methanolysis of castor oil yields methyl ricinoleate which upon pyrolysis under reduced pressure (6.0 × 10 3 Pa), at about 973 K, produces heptaldehyde and undecylenic acid (Scheme 2) [28,36].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

Mubofu

2016

Sustain Chem Process

178

124

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Castor oil is increasingly becoming an important bio-based raw material for industrial applications. The oil is nonedible and can be extracted from castor seeds from the castor plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. The oil is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters linked to a glycerol. The presence of hydroxyl group, a double bond, carboxylic group and a long chain hydrocarbon in ricinoleic acid (a major component of the oil), offer several possibilities of transforming it into variety of materials. The oil is thus a potential alternative to petroleum-based starting chemicals for the production of materials with variety of properties. Despite this huge potential, very little has recently been reviewed on the use of castor oil as a bio-resource in the production of functional materials. This review therefore highlights the potential of castor oil in the production of these diverse materials with their projected global market potential. The review gives the background information of castor oil and its geographical availability, the properties and its uses as bio-based resource for synthesis of various materials. The review further highlights on the use of castor oil or ricinoleic acid as a green capping agent in the synthesis of nanomaterials.

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Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

Mubofu

2016

Sustain Chem Process

178

124

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“…If the fuels produced can be deoxygenated, then they could be used as a direct replacement for fossil fuels. Pyrolytic cracking or hydrogenation of oils is the normal method for deoxygenating vegetable feedstock (Demirbas 2007;Maher & Bressler 2007), for example using zeolites (Demirbas 2008), but this can lead to a fuel with a lower energy content than other methods. In recent times, attention has focused on attaining deoxygenation of oils via decarboxylation/hydrogenation reactions.…”

Section: Deoxygenating Fatty Acids For Green Diesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

Greenwell

Laurens

Shields

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

721

359

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Microalgae provide various potential advantages for biofuel production when compared with 'traditional' crops. Specifically, large-scale microalgal culture need not compete for arable land, while in theory their productivity is greater. In consequence, there has been resurgence in interest and a proliferation of algae fuel projects. However, while on a theoretical basis, microalgae may produce between 10-and 100-fold more oil per acre, such capacities have not been validated on a commercial scale. We critically review current designs of algal culture facilities, including photobioreactors and open ponds, with regards to photosynthetic productivity and associated biomass and oil production and include an analysis of alternative approaches using models, balancing space needs, productivity and biomass concentrations, together with nutrient requirements. In the light of the current interest in synthetic genomics and genetic modifications, we also evaluate the options for potential metabolic engineering of the lipid biosynthesis pathways of microalgae. We conclude that although significant literature exists on microalgal growth and biochemistry, significantly more work needs to be undertaken to understand and potentially manipulate algal lipid metabolism. Furthermore, with regards to chemical upgrading of algal lipids and biomass, we describe alternative fuel synthesis routes, and discuss and evaluate the application of catalysts traditionally used for plant oils. Simulations that incorporate financial elements, along with fluid dynamics and algae growth models, are likely to be increasingly useful for predicting reactor design efficiency and life cycle analysis to determine the viability of the various options for largescale culture. The greatest potential for cost reduction and increased yields most probably lies within closed or hybrid closed -open production systems.

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“…For example, a few studies reported hydrocarbon generation by decarboxylation of carboxylic acids mixed with bentonite and montmorillonite (Jurg andEisma 1964, Shimoyama andJohns 1971). More recently online or 'flash' pyrolysis has been used for fatty acids and related compounds to study the formation of potential fuels and chemicals (Lima et al 2004, Maher and Bressler 2007, Prado and Antoniosi Filho 2009. Previously, studies reported the flash pyrolysis of fatty acid sodium salts (Lappi and Alen 2009) and carboxylic acids (Maher et al 2008) suggest mechanisms such as decarboxylation, decarbonylation, and dehydration for the formation of different organic compounds (Lappi andAlen 2009, Frety et al 2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of tetradecanoic acid on kaolinite minerals: Using flash pyrolysis to characterise the catalytic efficiency of clay mineral adsorbed fatty acids

Zafar

Watson

2017

Chemical Geology

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Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals

Cited by 581 publications

References 83 publications

Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

Adsorption of tetradecanoic acid on kaolinite minerals: Using flash pyrolysis to characterise the catalytic efficiency of clay mineral adsorbed fatty acids

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