Pyrolysis of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Weee) for Recovering Metals and Energy: Previous Achievements and Current Approaches

Hense, Peter; Reh, Katharina; Franke, Matthias; Aigner, Jonathan; Hornung, Andreas; Contin, A.

doi:10.30638/eemj.2015.175

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[9] Currently, WEEE is mainly processed by incineration followed by a hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical treatment. [8] However, toxic gas emissions, such as dioxins and furans, [12,13] or waste water are produced during the incineration and hydrometallurgical leaching, which is harmful to the environment and human body health. A typical industrial practice for recycling WEEE is through primary and secondary copper smelting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from Urban Mining Through Copper Smelting

Chen

Avarmaa

Klemettinen

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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With the aim of investigating deportments of precious metals in pyrometallurgical processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment, the distributions of selected precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) between copper matte and three different silica-saturated slags (pure FeO x -SiO 2 , FeO x -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , and FeO x -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO slag) were investigated at 1300°C in controlled flowing CO-CO 2 -SO 2 -Ar gas atmosphere by a high-temperature isothermal equilibration technique. The phase compositions were analyzed by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Laser Ablation-High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. It was shown that the distribution coefficients of gold, platinum, and palladium between matte and slag (L m/s (Me) = [Me] in matte /(Me) in slag ) were very high and increased with increasing matte grade. The distributions to the matte phase were increased by adding basic oxides alumina and lime into the acidic silicate slags. The experimentally measured distribution coefficients L m/s (Me) followed the order of platinum > palladium > gold > silver. The present experimental results can be used for upgrading thermodynamic databases for the complex recycling processes through nonferrous smelting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from Urban Mining Through Copper Smelting

Chen

Avarmaa

Klemettinen

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Thus, secondary copper smelters are more attractive, since they can be reasonably located closer to the WEEE collection network and operate economically with a smaller throughput compared to primary smelters [1]. The proximity to urban areas means that special attention must be paid to the handling of toxic emissions, such as dioxins and furans, potentially generated by WEEE-based secondary copper smelting [2,3]. However, with proper design and control of the entire smelting operation and especially the off-gas train, these emissions can be efficiently eliminated [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximity to urban areas means that special attention must be paid to the handling of toxic emissions, such as dioxins and furans, potentially generated by WEEE-based secondary copper smelting [2,3]. However, with proper design and control of the entire smelting operation and especially the off-gas train, these emissions can be efficiently eliminated [3,4]. Secondary smelters can either produce a copper matte (for example Umicore [1,5]), or black copper from metallic and oxidic raw materials, such as electronic scrap [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Tin and Antimony in Secondary Copper Smelting Process

et al. 2019

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Different types of metal-bearing wastes, such as WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), are important urban minerals in modern society, and the efficient recycling and reuse of their metal values is of key interest. Pyrometallurgical copper smelting is one of the most prominent ways of treating WEEE, however, more accurate experimental data is needed regarding the behavior of different elements during each process stage. This article investigates the behavior of tin and antimony, both commonly present as trace elements in electrical and electronic waste, in secondary (i.e., sulfur-free) copper smelting conditions. The experiments were conducted in oxygen partial pressure range of 10−10–10−5 atm, covering the different process steps in copper smelting. The basis of the equilibrium system was metallic copper–iron silicate slag, with the addition of alumina and potassium oxide to account for the presence of these compounds in the actual industrial process. The results showed that the distribution coefficients of both trace metals, LCu/slag = [wt % Me]copper/(wt % Me)slag, increased significantly as a function of decreasing oxygen pressure, and the addition of basic potassium oxide also had an increasing effect on the distribution coefficient. A brief comparison between EPMA and LA-ICP-MS (electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry), the two in situ analytical techniques used, was also presented and discussed.

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“…Several studies have explored the recovery of valuables such as silver, copper, indium, gallium, tellurium, aluminum, etc. [9,10,11]; or the handling of hazardous metals such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, antimony, etc. [12,13]; or the treatment of typical polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PE, PVC, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Fluorine Release from Photovoltaic Backsheet Materials Containing PVF and PVDF during Pyrolysis and Incineration in a Technical Lab-Scale Reactor at Various Temperatures

Danz

Aryan

Möhle

et al. 2019

Toxics

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With a sharp increase in photovoltaic (PV) installations across the world, PV waste is now a relatively new addition to the e-waste category. From 45,000 tonnes in 2016, the PV waste stream is rapidly increasing and is projected to reach 60 million tonnes by 2050. Backsheets are composite structures made from several material layers of polymer, adhesive, and primer. Widely used PV backsheets can be classified into three core types: (a) KPK (Kynar®/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/Kynar®), (b) TPT (Tedlar®/PET/Tedlar®), and (c) PPE (PET/PET/ethylvinylacetate). Kynar® and Tedlar® are based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), respectively. PPE backsheets are fluorine-free composites made primarily from PET. With increasing focus on the end-of-life (EoL) handling of PV waste, the handling of fluoropolymers, which is largely unexplored, requires closer examination to avoid environmental damage. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the fluorine released from PV backsheet materials into the gas phase during combustion and pyrolysis as EoL pathways. Therefore, several experimental trials were conducted to measure fluorine transfer into the gas phase at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 900 °C (for pyrolysis) and at 750 °C, 850 °C, and 950 °C (for incineration).

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Pyrolysis of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Weee) for Recovering Metals and Energy: Previous Achievements and Current Approaches

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Recovery of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from Urban Mining Through Copper Smelting

Recovery of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from Urban Mining Through Copper Smelting

Behavior of Tin and Antimony in Secondary Copper Smelting Process

Experimental Study on Fluorine Release from Photovoltaic Backsheet Materials Containing PVF and PVDF during Pyrolysis and Incineration in a Technical Lab-Scale Reactor at Various Temperatures

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