Pyrolysis of waste tyres in an atmospheric static-bed batch reactor: Analysis of the gases obtained

Berrueco, C.; Esperanza, E.; Mastral, F.J.; Ceamanos, J.; García-Bacaicoa, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.10.007

Cited by 156 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Where a good heat transfer is achieved shorter reaction time is required. Kamisky reports 230 minutes to pyrolyze 4 kg with its fluidized bed reactor (Kaminsky & Mennerich, 2001) while Berrueco's process requires up to 300 minutes to pyrolyze 0.3 kg with its static-bed reactor (Berrueco et al, 2005). Another way to overwhelm the not optimal heat transfer is the control of the flux of material and consequently the apparatus set up.…”

Section: Microwave or Non-microwave Heating In Pyrolysis Processes: Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again a longer residence time of the volatilized products is used when the heat transfer is not optimal and it lets a more efficient cracking. Static-bed reactor requires up to 120 s of residence time of the gas in the reactor and this is achieved by a controlled nitrogen flux (Berrueco et al, 2005) or apparatus set-up . The residence time of the gas in the fluidized-bed reactor is less than 3 s and it is achieved with strong flux of nitrogen or other inert gas (Kaminsky & Mennerich, 2001).…”

Section: Microwave or Non-microwave Heating In Pyrolysis Processes: Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microwave pyrolysis of polymeric materials

Undri¹,

Rosi²,

Frediani³

et al. 2011

Microwave Heating

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Section: Microwave or Non-microwave Heating In Pyrolysis Processes: Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microwave or Non-microwave Heating In Pyrolysis Processes: Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave pyrolysis of polymeric materials

Undri¹,

Rosi²,

Frediani³

et al. 2011

Microwave Heating

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“…This is especially so when the materials consist of complex hydrocarbons and inorganic compounds, such as those in scrap tyre pyrolysis oil. Enormous quantities of scrap tyres are available, some 5×10 6 metric tons of scrap tyres are estimated to be produced worldwide annually, which constitute around 2% of the total solid waste produced from scrap tyres [1]. The European Union's production of scrap tyres is about 2.5×10 6 metric tons per year [1], and a similar amount is produced in the United States [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enormous quantities of scrap tyres are available, some 5×10 6 metric tons of scrap tyres are estimated to be produced worldwide annually, which constitute around 2% of the total solid waste produced from scrap tyres [1]. The European Union's production of scrap tyres is about 2.5×10 6 metric tons per year [1], and a similar amount is produced in the United States [2]. Most commonly, they are disposed of in landfill or abandoned in open areas [2], and this has high environmental impact, particularly due to fire hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen from scrap tyre oil via steam reforming and chemical looping in a packed bed reactor

Giannakeas

Lea‐Langton

Dupont

et al. 2012

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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The production of hydrogen from scrap tyre pyrolysis oil (STPO) was investigated using catalytic steam reforming. STPO is difficult to upgrade to cleaner fuels due to its high sulphur content, complex organic composition, high acidity and viscosity, which contribute to catalyst deactivation. The effects of temperature and steam to carbon ratio were investigated through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of the main aromatic, aliphatic and hetero -N and -S compounds known to be present in STPO. The optimum operating conditions in a packed bed reactor with a Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at atmospheric pressure and molar steam to carbon ratio of 4:1 were 750 °C at a WHSV of 0.82 h -1 . The maximum hydrogen yield was 26.4 wt% of the STPO feedstock, corresponding to 67% of the maximum theoretical yield, compared to 79.4 % predicted at equilibrium for a model mixture of 22 STPO compounds in the same conditions. The selectivity to the H-containing products was 98% H 2 and 2% CH 4 respectively, indicating little undesirable by-product formation, and comparable to equilibrium values. The potential to optimize the process to enhance further the H 2 yield was explored via feasibility tests of chemical looping reforming (CLR) aimed at lowering the heating and purification costs of the hydrogen production from STPO. However, the hydrogen yield decreased with each cycle of CLR. Analysis of the catalyst indicated this was most likely due to deactivation by carbon accumulation and sulphur originally present in the oil, and possibly also by trace elements (Ca, Na). The NiO particles in the catalyst were also shown to have grown after CLR of STPO. Hence further development would require pretreating the oil for removal of sulphur, and use of a catalyst more tolerant to carbon formation. IntroductionThe production of hydrogen from sustainable resources and waste materials as alternatives to fossil fuels present many challenges. This is especially so when the materials , and this has high environmental impact, particularly due to fire hazards.In comparison with wastes such as paper, glass and plastics, tyres are not an "easy"waste to treat because of their size and shape characteristics [3]. There are various options for re-using the materials present in scrap tyre including retreading, shredding and grinding, energy recovery, pyrolysis and gasification [4]. Currently there are ca. 3000 manufacturers of tyre pyrolysis plants which produce carbon black. Recycling scrap tyres via a thermochemical process is suitable due to the low ash content and the higher heating value of tyres compared to coal or biomass. The high production volume of scrap tyres creates the need to find alternative waste management methods. Grinding and shredding produce rubber for applications such as carpets, sports facilities, or playgrounds [5]. Highway construction is a significant area of using scrap tyres and especially in asphalt modified with rubber produced from waste tires [6]. Eldin and Senouci [7] investigated the modification of concrete by repl...

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“…The high temperatures used in pyrolysis mean that it would be an appropriate method for processing material that poses a biological hazard. Processing of waste rubber by pyrolysis has been intensively investigated in recent years, particularly with regard to scrap tyres (Berrueco et al, 2005;Conesa et al, 2004;Galvagno et al, 2007;Kyari et al, 2005;Li et al, 2005;Oledzka et al, 2006). The pyrolysis of natural rubber has also been investigated (Groves and Lehrle, 1992;Groves et al, 1991;Seidelt et al, 2006) as has the pyrolysis of natural rubbers main constituent, polyisoprene (Chen and Qian, 2002;Chiantore et al, 1995;Chien and Kiang, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the presence of Y-zeolite

2009

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In this study we have investigated the possibility of processing waste rubber gloves using pyrolysis. Y-zeolite catalyst was employed to upgrade the pyrolysis products to give higher yields of valuable aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylenes. The composition of the pyrolysis products was determined using GC-MS, GC-FID, GC-TCD, and FT-IR. It was found that when rubber gloves were pyrolysed in the absence of a catalyst, the pyrolysis oil consisted mainly of limonene and oligomers of polyisoprene. When Y-zeolite was added to the reaction system, the yields of toluene, xylene, methylbenzenes, ethylbenzenes, and naphthalenes increased dramatically. The Y-zeolite also catalysed the decomposition of limonene, which was absent from the catalytic pyrolysis products. The presence of the Yzeolite catalyst also increased the yield of hydrocarbon gases. The tests were carried out at both 380°C and 480°C and it was found that the higher reaction temperature led to increased yields of all the major compounds, both in the presence and absence of the Y-zeolite catalyst.

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Pyrolysis of waste tyres in an atmospheric static-bed batch reactor: Analysis of the gases obtained

Cited by 156 publications

References 26 publications

Microwave pyrolysis of polymeric materials

Microwave pyrolysis of polymeric materials

Hydrogen from scrap tyre oil via steam reforming and chemical looping in a packed bed reactor

Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the presence of Y-zeolite

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