Pyrolysis products and thermal degradation mechanism of intrinsically flame-retardant carrageenan fiber

Xue, Zhixin; Zhang, Weiwei; Yan, Miao; Liu, Jingjing; Wang, Bingbing; Xia, Yanzhi

doi:10.1039/c7ra01076a

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…190 to 240°C, whereby an upward shifting trend was observed with increasing concentration of glycerol in the formulation, similar to the trend observed in the melting point range. This exothermic process may be attributed to the glycosidic bond and hexatomic ring fracture of the polymer, decarbonylation, as well as dehydration processes that occur in carrageenan at higher temperatures [34]. Furthermore, interesting additional exothermic peaks at glycerol additions of above 40% (w/w) are also apparent in the thermograms which seem to be associated with the excessive addition of glycerol to the polymer.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Semi-refined Carrageenan-Based Film for Primary Food Packaging Purposes

2018

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Carrageenan-based films demonstrate good performance and the raw materials for their production are abundant in nature and can be sustainably sourced. Similar to other naturally-derived biopolymers, however, carrageenans are relatively expensive to purify and form into useful materials. In order to potentially lower the production costs compared to pure carrageenan, semirefined carrageenan (SRC) plasticized with 0-50% (w/w) glycerol was investigated using a solution casting method. The film color and opacity increased along with the moisture content, whereas the water vapor permeability decreased with increasing levels of glycerol. The tensile properties of the SRC films improved significantly, particularly at glycerol additions greater than 30% (w/w). Moreover, the addition of glycerol improved the thermal stability and altered the surface morphology of the films. In general, the properties of the SRC films were comparable with refined carrageenan films suggesting that SRC has potential to be furthered developed into more cost effective primary food packaging materials.

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Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Semi-refined Carrageenan-Based Film for Primary Food Packaging Purposes

2018

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“…Thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer, emulsifier (Williams et al, 2011) -drug delivery, microcapsules and microspheres (Li et al, 2014) binders (Williams et al, 2011;Zia et al, 2017) nanocomposite for photodegradation of dyes (Chaudhary et al, 2016) flame-retardant (Xue et al, 2017) hydrogel for wound healing (Nair et al, 2016) Xanthan gum…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree gum-based renewable materials: Sustainable applications in nanotechnology, biomedical and environmental fields

Padil

Wacławek

Černík

et al. 2018

Biotechnology Advances

128

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The prospective uses of tree gum polysaccharides and their nanostructures in various aspects of food, water, energy, biotechnology, environment and medicine industries, have garnered a great deal of attention recently. In addition to extensive applications of tree gums in food, there are substantial non-food applications of these commercial gums, which have gained widespread attention due to their availability, structural diversity and remarkable properties as 'green' bio-based renewable materials. Tree gums are obtainable as natural polysaccharides from various tree genera possessing exceptional properties, including their renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature and their ability to undergo easy chemical modifications. This review focuses on non-food applications of several important commercially available gums (arabic, karaya, tragacanth, ghatti and kondagogu) for the greener synthesis and stabilization of metal/metal oxide NPs, production of electrospun fibers, environmental bioremediation, bio-catalysis, biosensors, coordination complexes of metal-hydrogels, and for antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, polysaccharides acquired from botanical, seaweed, animal, and microbial origins are briefly compared with the characteristics of tree gum exudates.

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“…However, with the depletion of petroleum resources and the pollution caused by petroleum use, it is necessary to find new carbon sources to replace petroleum [16,17]. Many biologically based materials with polyhydroxy structure are good carbon sources, such as starch [18,19], cellulose [20], tea saponin [21], cyclodextrin [22], carrageenan [23], etc., however, their thermal stability is not good. If the biologically based material is simply added to the matrix as a carbon source, the thermal stability of the matrix is lowered, and the char-forming ability is affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Phosphated K-Carrageenan and Its Application for Flame-Retardant Waterborne Epoxy

Wang

Teng

et al. 2018

Polymers

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In this paper, phosphated K-carrageenan (P-KC) was obtained by reacting POCl3 with the renewable source K-carrageenan (KC). P-KC and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy. The structure of P-KC was studied comprehensively using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), showing the successful synthesis of P-KC. The flame retardancy of the EP was evaluated by the cone calorimeter test. The results showed that different mass ratios of DOPO and P-KC affected the flame retardancy of EP. When the mass ratio of DOPO and P-KC was 2:1, total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 48.7% and 37.4%, respectively. The microstructures of residue char were observed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy (FR-EP) system held a more cohesive and denser char structure. The char inhibited the diffusion of heat and oxygen, which played a key role in the flame retardancy.

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Pyrolysis products and thermal degradation mechanism of intrinsically flame-retardant carrageenan fiber

Abstract: Carrageenan fiber (CAF) was prepared by a wet spinning method to develop an excellent flame-retardant material.

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization of Semi-refined Carrageenan-Based Film for Primary Food Packaging Purposes

Characterization of Semi-refined Carrageenan-Based Film for Primary Food Packaging Purposes

Tree gum-based renewable materials: Sustainable applications in nanotechnology, biomedical and environmental fields

Synthesis of Phosphated K-Carrageenan and Its Application for Flame-Retardant Waterborne Epoxy

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