Pyrolysis products dependence on the nature of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock

Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of carbonaceous materials using concentrated solar energy—IV. Reactor experimentation with vacuum residue

“…The nominal reactor temperature T reactor was in the range 1420-1567 K. Typical heating rates of the VR exceeded 1000 K/s. Thus, as the VR was injected into the cavity, it was instantly pyrolysed, releasing lightly volatile hydrocarbons such as CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 , as reported to be released at below 1000 K [7,8]. These hydrocarbons presumably underwent thermal dissociation to their elements (H 2 and C) due to the high temperatures ð41400 KÞ existing inside the cavity.…”

The catalytic pyrolysis of the Egyptian bitumen for industrial production raw material

“…In the previous papers [1][2][3][4], a two-stage pyrolysis technique using a batch-type reactor was described and was shown to be a promising method for the production of C 1 -C 4 paraffin and C 2 -C 4 olefins from the heavy residues separated from Egyptian crude oil. It has been demonstrated [5] that by adopting a contact time of $1.25 s in the second stage, an ethylene yield of 12-14 wt% can be obtained from tar-sand bitumen and 16 and 27 wt% from Tacking and Iranian heavy vacuum residues, respectively.…”

Nanotechnology Role for the Production of Clean Fuel E-85 and Petrochemical Raw Materials

“…Any processing to convert heavy ends into refined distillates should somewhere include a hydrogen addition step, heteroatom removal step. However, in the two-stage pyrolysis technique, the feed stock can be used without any pretreatment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], regardless of the type of the feed stock used (contaminants are left as pyrolysis residue at the first stage) and the pyrolyzate as then contains high percentage of ethylene and propylene (≈37 wt. % unsaturated) using the normal catalyst.…”