“…Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biomass comprising 15%-30% of the total aromatic biomass, whereas cellulose is the primary material in woody biomass, accounting for 30%-50% of the total (Kim et al, 2019;Upton and Kasko, 2015;Yang et al, 2017). As the most abundant aromatic compound in the world, lignin has excellent potential as a raw material in various industrial applications such as the manufacture of engineering plastics, foam materials, membranes, nanofibers, hydrogels, adhesives, and other new materials (Bang et al, 2022;Fatriasari et al, 2020;Hwang and Choi, 2018;Hwang et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2019Lee et al, , 2021 Effects of Precipitation pH of Black Liquor on Characteristics of Precipitated and Acetone-Fractionated Kraft Lignin Min and Um, 2017;Yang et al, 2019). Among various technical lignins, kraft lignin (KL) extracted from black liquor in the kraft pulping process is the most abundant industrial lignin (Gadhave et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016;Tejado et al, 2007).…”