Pyrolysis-reforming of cellulose to simultaneously produce hydrogen and heavy organics

Li, Xianglin; Jiang, Yuchen; Zhang, Lijun; Li, Qingyin; Zhang, Shu; Wang, Yi; Hu, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.126363

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Conversely, the coke from the reforming spent catalyst is rich in hydrogen with amorphous coke deposited over the catalyst during aromatic polymerization. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the coke from the reforming spent catalyst is rich in hydrogen with amorphous coke deposited over the catalyst during aromatic polymerization. [39] TPO has been widely applied to determine coke deposition behaviour [40] over spent reforming and hydrocracker catalysts. Figure 4A,B show the TPO curve of coke over the hydrocracker and reforming spent catalysts, highlighting the contrasting coke species deposited on the hydrocracker and reforming spent catalysts.…”

Section: Elemental Thermal Oxidation and Raman Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The structure of deposited coke on hydrocracking and reforming catalysts: Coke deactivation and kinetics

Shakor,

Alasseel,

Al‐Shafei

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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This comprehensive study investigates the structural deposition of coke, particularly its association with sulphides, in spent hydrocracking and reforming catalysts, leveraging advanced kinetic modelling and characterization techniques. Its objective is to elucidate coke removal kinetics, offering insights into optimizing catalyst regeneration. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, spectroscopic methods, and modelling, the research outlines the characteristics and kinetic behaviour of coke during regeneration. The novelty aspect of this study is the use of a reaction‐based model for accurate kinetic analysis and identifying optimal conditions for coke removal. The study recognized both hydrogen‐deficient and hydrogen‐rich amorphous coke, alongside graphitic coke spent catalysts. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that coke constitutes ~23.8% and 4.6% of the total weight in hydrocracking and reforming catalysts, respectively. The traditional model‐free method for deactivation was found inadequate in predicting coke in the spent reforming catalyst, likely due to the presence of low‐temperature hydrocarbons of soft coke within the catalyst pores. In contrast, a reaction model‐based deactivation approach yielded more consistent evaluations for soft and hard coke of spent catalyst. For the spent hydrocracking catalyst, the estimated activation energies for coke decomposition were 41.56 and 128.97 kJ/mol for soft and hard coke, respectively, during regeneration. Although the coke in the spent reforming catalyst displayed similar temperature trends for decomposition, the average activation energies were 52.61 and 128.62 kJ/mol for soft and hard coke, respectively. The theoretical results from the multi‐reaction model for coke decomposition are consistent with the experimental results for both catalysts.

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“…Conversely, the coke from the reforming spent catalyst is rich in hydrogen with amorphous coke deposited over the catalyst during aromatic polymerization. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Thermal Oxidation and Raman Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%