Pyrolytic methods of converting municipal solid waste into biofuel

Obtaining the best temperature parameters for co-carbonization of lignite (yatağan)-biomass (peach seed shell) by structural characterization

“…Also, some solid wastes cannot be broken down into small pieces and such wastes have to be sent directly to landfills and buried. Another big problem is that almost no power plant wants to use this fuel due to the problems created by waste-based fuels in the combustion process ( Farsi, 2021 ; Gerasimov et al., 2021 ; Hamidpour et al., 2021 ; Moldoveanu, 2021 ; Moravvej et al., 2021 ; Nie et al., 2021 ; Piroozmand et al., 2021 ; Quereshi et al., 2021 ; Tursi and Olivito, 2021 ; Zhou et al., 2021 ). The historical development of the pyrolysis process is shown in Table 1 .…”

“…It is also probable that comparable processes occur within tar mist globules moving through the hot zone of the reactor, most likely by radical recombination, even though there is no clear proof of this. Reaction parameters such as the temperature of pyrolysis, pressure in the reactor, the particle size of the biomass, gas residence time, solid residence time, heating rate, and sweep gas space velocity determine the total carbon conversion and the transport of volatiles and thereby the product distribution ( Akinyemi and Adesina, 2020 ; Aldana et al., 2015 ; Bonelli et al., 2001 ; Chen et al., 2016 ; Chiappero et al., 2020 ; Davies et al., 2021 ; Durak, 2015 ; Farsi, 2021 ; Gedik et al., 2020 ; Gemechu & Kumar, 2021 ; Gerasimov et al., 2021 ; Guran, 2018 ; Hamidpour et al., 2021 ; Ifa et al., 2020 ; İlhan Küçük, 2021 ; Işıtan et al., 2016 ; Jana et al., 2017 ; Jung et al., 2021 ; Kir et al., 2021 ; Loya-González et al., 2019 ; Mailaram et al., 2021 ; Manurung et al., 2009 ; Martí-Rosselló et al., 2018 ; Moldoveanu, 2021 ; Moravvej et al., 2021 ; Nie et al., 2021 ; Ortiz et al., 2020 ; Özsin & Pütün, 2017 ; Pecha and Garcia-Perez, 2020 ; Pereira Lopes and Astruc, 2021 ; Piroozmand et al., 2021 ; Puig-Gamero et al., 2021 ; Quereshi et al., 2021 ; Tacettin Geçkil, 2020 ; Tacettin GEÇKİL, 2021 ; Tursi and Olivito, 2021 ; Zaafouri et al., 2016 ; Zhou et al., 2021 ).…”