Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes: Origins and Physiological Activities

Abstract

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (Py-2-C) derivatives have been isolated from many natural sources, including fungi, plants (roots, leaves, and seeds), and microorganisms. The well-known diabetes molecular marker, pyrraline, which is produced after sequential reactions in vivo, has a Py-2-C skeleton. Py-2-Cs can be chemically produced by the strong acid-catalyzed condensation of glucose and amino acid derivatives in vitro. These observations indicate the importance of the Py-2-C skeleton in vivo and suggest that molecules containing this skeleton have various biological functions. In this review, we have summarized Py-2-C derivatives based on their origins. We also discuss the structural characteristics, natural sources, and physiological activities of isolated compounds containing the Py-2-C group.

Rh-catalysed divergent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from α,β-unsaturated ketones via selective single or double insertion of isocyanides

“…The acidic hydrolysis of 4 affords easy-to-isolate 2-formylpyrroles 5 , an important class of pyrrole derivatives abundant in natural products and biologically active compounds. 16 The reaction selectivity was predominantly controlled by the reaction temperature and reactant concentration.…”

3-Trifluoromethyl Pyrrole Synthesis Based on β-CF3-1,3-Enynamides

“…The design and discovery of new reactions for the synthesis of pyrrole frameworks has been stimulated by the appearance of such frameworks in many bioactive natural products, commercial drugs, and functional materials . Moreover, pyrrole-based structures are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of value-added compounds .…”

Editorial for Special Issue—‘’Research Progress and Applications of Natural Products”

“…shows that pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes show potential for use in various physiological fields, including in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. These molecules can be used in academic, industrial, or medicinal chemistry [ 11 ].…”