Pyrroles as Privileged Scaffolds in the Search for New Potential HIV Inhibitors

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a global health problem four decades after the report of its first case. Despite success in viral load suppression and the increase in patient survival due to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the development of new drugs has become imperative due to strains that have become resistant to antiretrovirals. In this context, there has been a continuous search for new anti-HIV agents based on several chemical scaffolds, including nitrogenated heterocyclic pyrrole rings, which have been included in several compounds with antiretroviral activity. Thus, this review aims to describe pyrrole-based compounds with anti-HIV activity as a new potential treatment against AIDS, covering the period between 2015 and 2020. Our research allowed us to conclude that pyrrole derivatives are still worth exploring, as they may provide highly active compounds targeting different steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle and act with an innovative mechanism.

Recent Advances onα‐Azidoketones and Esters in the Synthesis ofN‐Heterocycles

“…Functionalized pyrroles has always been an important subject in the field of nitrogen-heterocycles finding many applications in the natural products [31] as well as pharmaceutics. [32] Therefore, chemists have always been fascinating to develop new routes for pyrrole synthesis. Yu and co-workers reported a synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyrroles 15 by refluxing a mixture of αazidovinylketones and esters 5 with substituted acetonitriles 14 in ethanol/water co-solvent system without any catalyst (Scheme 4).…”

Pyrrole as an Important Scaffold of Anticancer Drugs: Recent Advances

“…Specifically, an increased interest has been observed in the design of novel anticancer molecules comprising pyrrole moieties (14). The broad pharmacological profile of the latter heterocycle, together with the accessible synthetic schemes and low-cost starting materials have provided further investigations in that area (15).…”

Divergent copper-catalyzed syntheses of 3-carboxylpyrroles and 3-cyanofurans from O-acetyl oximes and β-ketoesters/nitriles

“…The synthetic value of the proposed methodology derives from the importance of pyrroles as the cores of many natural products, including drugs and agrochemicals. 14…”