The molecular network-guided exploration
of the alkaloid extract
of Callichilia inaequalis stems revealed a cluster
attributed tentatively to dimeric monoterpene indole alkaloids of
the rare criophylline subtype, initiating the dual study reported
herein. A patrimonial-themed portion of this work was aimed at performing
a spectroscopic reassessment of criophylline (1), a monoterpene
bisindole alkaloid for which the nature of the inter-monomeric connectivity
and configurational assignments have remained dubious. A targeted
isolation of the entity annotated as criophylline (1)
was undertaken to strengthen the available analytical evidence. An
extensive set of spectroscopic data was acquired from the authentic
sample of criophylline (1a) isolated earlier by Cavé
and Bruneton. These spectroscopic studies proved the samples to be
identical, and the complete structure of criophylline could be assigned,
half a century after it was first isolated. The absolute configuration
of andrangine (2) was also ascertained based on a TDDFT-ECD
approach from the authentic sample. The forward-looking aspect of
this investigation resulted in the characterization of two new criophylline
derivatives from C. inaequalis stems, namely, 14′-hydroxycriophylline
(3) and 14′-O-sulfocriophylline
(4). Their structures, including absolute configurations,
were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data and by
ECD analysis. Notably, 14′-O-sulfocriophylline
(4) is the first sulfated monoterpene indole alkaloid
to have been reported. The antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-resistant
strain of Plasmodium falciparum FcB1 was determined
for criophylline and its two new analogues.