“Q” Fever, a New Fever Entity: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Laboratory Investigation

Derrick, E. H.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1937.tb43743.x

Cited by 479 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…It was first described by Edward Holbrook Derrick [4] in abattoir workers in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The “Q” stands for “query” and was applied at a time when the causative agent was unknown; it was chosen over suggestions of “abattoir fever” and “Queensland rickettsial fever,” to avoid directing negative connotations at either the cattle industry or the state of Queensland [5].…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

Honarmand

2012

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Q fever is a bacterial infection affecting mainly the lungs, liver, and heart. It is found around the world and is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The bacteria affects sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, cats, birds, rodents, and ticks. Infected animals shed this bacteria in birth products, feces, milk, and urine. Humans usually get Q fever by breathing in contaminated droplets released by infected animals and drinking raw milk. People at highest risk for this infection are farmers, laboratory workers, sheep and dairy workers, and veterinarians. Chronic Q fever develops in people who have been infected for more than 6 months. It usually takes about 20 days after exposure to the bacteria for symptoms to occur. Most cases are mild, yet some severe cases have been reported. Symptoms of acute Q fever may include: chest pain with breathing, cough, fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pains, and shortness of breath. Symptoms of chronic Q fever may include chills, fatigue, night sweats, prolonged fever, and shortness of breath. Q fever is diagnosed with a blood antibody test. The main treatment for the disease is with antibiotics. For acute Q fever, doxycycline is recommended. For chronic Q fever, a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine is often used long term. Complications are cirrhosis, hepatitis, encephalitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, meningitis, and pneumonia. People at risk should always: carefully dispose of animal products that may be infected, disinfect any contaminated areas, and thoroughly wash their hands. Pasteurizing milk can also help prevent Q fever.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

Honarmand

2012

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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“…The infectious potential of C. burnetii has been investigated with cell lines [22], [23] and animal models, such as guinea pigs [24], [25], [26], [27] and mice [28]. While guinea pigs seem particularly susceptible to C. burnetii infection in aerosol models, the use of mice provides researchers with the benefits of the numerous genetic and biological resources engineered for this model animal to study candidate virulence factors expressed by a given pathogen or to assess the efficacy of candidate vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Infectious Potential of Coxiella burnetii: A Study on Belgian Livestock Isolates

et al. 2013

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Q-fever is a zoonosis caused by the gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Since its discovery, and particularly following the recent outbreaks in the Netherlands, C. burnetii appeared as a clear public health concern. In the present study, the infectious potential displayed by goat and cattle isolates of C. burnetii was compared to a reference strain (Nine Mile) using both in vitro (human HeLa and bovine macrophage cells) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) models. The isolates had distant genomic profiles with one - the goat isolate - being identical to the predominant strain circulating in the Netherlands during the 2007–2010 outbreaks. Infective doses were established with ethidium monoazide-PCR for the first time here applied to C. burnetii. This method allowed for the preparation of reproducible and characterized inocula thanks to its capacity to discriminate between live and dead cells. Globally, the proliferative capacity of the Nine Mile strain in cell lines and mice was higher compared to the newly isolated field strains. In vitro, the bovine C. burnetii isolate multiplied faster in a bovine macrophage cell line, an observation tentatively explained by the preferential specificity of this strain for allogeneic host cells. In the BALB/c mouse model, however, the goat and bovine isolates multiplied at about the same rate indicating no peculiar hypervirulent behavior in this animal model.

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“…In the words of Jolly and Arie: "the care of the elderly with mental disorders is likely to be the biggest challenge to health services in all countries such as ours for the foreseeable future. Q fever In 1937 Derrick described the clinical features of an acute undiagnosed illness which was prevalent among abattoir workers in Brisbane.' He called the illness "Q fever," the Q (query) referring to the unknown cause of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Q fever.

Geddes¹

1983

BMJ

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“Q” Fever, a New Fever Entity: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Laboratory Investigation

Cited by 479 publications

References 1 publication

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

In Vitro and In Vivo Infectious Potential of Coxiella burnetii: A Study on Belgian Livestock Isolates

Q fever.

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