Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis

Woldehiwet, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.09.001

Cited by 215 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…It was perhaps used for this purpose during World War II [92]. This classification has been responsible for the publication of several reviews on Q fever [44,72,82,92,97,101,113,132,141,185]. It has focused the attention of medical and public health personnel on Q fever, which could be responsible for the apparent increase of recognized cases of Q fever and for its apparent re-emergence.…”

Section: Zoonotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

2005

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-Q fever is a zoonotic disease considered as emerging or re-emerging in many countries. It is caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium developing spore-like forms that are highly resistant to the environment. The most common animal reservoirs are livestock and the main source of infection is by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Although the culture process for Coxiella is laborious, advances on the knowledge of the life cycle of the bacterium have been made. New tools have been developed to (i) improve the diagnosis of Q fever in humans and animals, and especially animal shedders, (ii) perform epidemiological studies, and (iii) prevent the disease through the use of vaccines. This review summarizes the state of the knowledge on the bacteriology and clinical manifestations of Q fever as well as its diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and prevention in order to understand what factors are responsible for its emergence or re-emergence. Coxiella burnetii / epidemiology / bacteriology / diagnostic / control

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Section: Zoonotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interest for Q fever is increasing worldwide as indicated by the rising number of reviews published [44,72,82,92,97,101,113,132,141,185] even in countries where its incidence is supposed to be very low. Indeed, the disease is considered as a re-emerging zoonosis in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

2005

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“…The organism is excreted in milk, urine, feces, and uterine discharge of cattle, sheep, and goats (Berri et al 2001, Woldehiwet 2004, Rodolakis et al 2007. It is transmitted to humans primarily through inhalation of contaminated aerosols associated with infected animals (Tissot-Dupont et al 1999, Roest et al 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin Washington State Domestic Goat Herds

Sondgeroth

Davis

Schlee

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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A caprine herd seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection was determined by passive surveillance of domestic goat herds in Washington State. Serum samples (n = 1794) from 105 herds in 31 counties were analyzed for C. burnetii antibodies using a commercially available Q fever antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit. The sera were submitted to the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for routine serologic screening over an approximate 1-year period from November, 2010, through November, 2011. To avoid bias introduced by testing samples from ill animals, only accessions for routine screening of nonclinical animals were included in the study. A standard cluster sampling approach to investigate seroprevalence at the herd level was used to determine optimal study sample size. The results identified C. burnetii antibodies in 8.0% of samples tested (144/1794), 8.6% of goat herds tested (9/105), and 25.8% of counties tested (8/31). Within-herd seroprevalence in positive counties ranged from 2.9% to 75.8%. Counties with seropositive goats were represented in the western, eastern, southeastern, and Columbia basin agricultural districts of the state. To our knowledge this is the first county-specific, statewide study of C. burnetii seroprevalence in Washington State goat herds. The findings provide baseline information for future epidemiologic, herd management and public health investigations of Q fever.

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“…Livestock and pets are the main reservoirs of this disease. In animals, Q fever usually causes disease with no clinical signs or subclinical symptoms (Woldehiwet 2004). Transmission of infection to humans occurs mainly through inhalation of contaminated aerosols, and the disease occurs without symptoms or as mild to lethal forms (Marrie 2009, Angelakis andRaoult 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological Survey of Q Fever and Brucellosis in Kurdistan Province, Western Iran

Esmaeili

Pourhossein

Gouya

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Given that the there is little information about the current status of brucellosis and Q fever in most parts of Iran, the aim of this study was to assay the seroprevalence of these two diseases in high-risk populations of Kurdistan Province in western Iran. Two hundred fifty sera samples were collected from hunters and their families, butchers, health care workers, and those referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in the southwestern regions of Kurdistan Province. Sera were tested to detect specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against brucellosis and Coxiella burnetii (phase I and II). The seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever (C. burnetii IgG phase I and II) was 6.4% and 27.83% (20% and 14.52%), respectively. The highest seroprevalence of Q fever (38%) and brucellosis (12%) was seen in butchers, who handled cattle, sheep, and goats during their work. Age had a significant positive association with Q fever seropositivity ( p = 0.04). The seroprevalence of Q fever was higher in those people who had been in employment for more than 10 years (21.88%) compared to others (7.79%) ( p = 0.02). The keeping of animals ( p = 0.03), hunting and eating the meat of wild animals ( p = 0.02), and not disinfecting hands and faces after working (for health care workers and butchers) ( p = 0.02) were risk factors for Q fever seropositivity. This study showed a relatively high seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever in high-risk populations of Kurdistan Province. It is suggested that complementary studies be carried out in other parts of western Iran to clarify the epidemiological aspects of these diseases.

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Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis

Cited by 215 publications

References 77 publications

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

Seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin Washington State Domestic Goat Herds

Seroepidemiological Survey of Q Fever and Brucellosis in Kurdistan Province, Western Iran

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