Q Fever during Pregnancy

Carcopino, Xavier; Raoult, Didier; Bretelle, Florence; Boubli, L.; Stein, Andréas

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04519.x

Cited by 83 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(262 reference statements)

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“…abortus (19), C . burnetii (20), and L . monocytogenes (21), can evade or subvert the autophagic cellular machinery to survive intracellularly in other cell types (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women

Cao¹,

Macones²,

Mysorekar

2016

JCI Insight

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The placenta is a barrier against maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Placental infections can cause several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB). Yet, we have limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms the placenta uses to control infections. Here, we show that autophagy, a cellular recycling pathway important for host defense against pathogens, and the autophagy gene Atg16L1 play a key role in placental defense and are negatively associated with PTB in pregnant women. First, we demonstrate that placentas from women who delivered preterm exhibit reduced autophagy activity and are associated with higher infection indicators. Second, we identify the cellular location of the autophagy activity as being in syncytial trophoblasts. Third, we demonstrate that higher levels of autophagy and ATG16L1 in human trophoblasts were associated with increased resistance to infection. Accordingly, loss of autophagy or ATG16L1 impaired trophoblast antibacterial defenses. Fourth, we show that Atg16l1-deficient mice gave birth prematurely upon an inflammatory stimulus and their placentas were significantly less able to withstand infection. Finally, global induction of autophagy in both mouse placentas and human trophoblasts increased infection resistance. Our study has significant implications for understanding the etiology of placental infections and prematurity and developing strategies to mitigate placental infection–induced PTB.

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“…abortus (19), C . burnetii (20), and L . monocytogenes (21), can evade or subvert the autophagic cellular machinery to survive intracellularly in other cell types (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women

Cao¹,

Macones²,

Mysorekar

2016

JCI Insight

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“…The evidence for an adverse pregnancy outcome in humans in relation to Q fever mainly originates from case studies from France of referred, infected, pregnant patients, as well as pregnancies in which a diagnosis of Q fever was reached retrospectively, after an adverse outcome ( 9 – 11 ). Carcopino et al reported clinical symptoms in 32 (60.4%) of 53 cases and a chronic serologic profile in more than half of patients and concluded that Q fever in pregnancy may cause severe complications ( 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among pregnant women, > 90% of those who show antibodies for C. burnetii that suggest recent infection may remain asymptomatic ( 8 ). Case series from France have associated symptomatic and asymptomatic C. burnetii infection during pregnancy with obstetric complications, including miscarriage, preterm delivery, and fetal death ( 9 – 11 ). In contrast, population studies from northern Europe have not found an association between C. burnetii and adverse pregnancy outcomes ( 12 – 15 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes andCoxiella burnetiiAntibodies in Pregnant Women, Denmark

Nielsen¹,

Mølbak²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…For example, a number of intracellular bacteria are known to colonize the placenta and are associated with negative pregnancy outcomes. These include L. monocytogenes (60), Coxiella burnetii (60, 61), Chlamydia trachomatis (60, 62), Waddlia chondrophila (60, 63), and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae (60). …”

Section: Placental Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Preterm Birth as a Polymicrobial Disease: An Overview of the Uterine Microbiome

2014

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Infection is a leading cause of preterm birth (PTB). A focus of many studies over the past decade has been to characterize microorganisms present in the uterine cavity and document any association with negative pregnancy outcome. A range of techniques have been used to achieve this, including microbiological culture and targeted polymerase chain reaction assays, and more recently, microbiome-level analyses involving either conserved, phylogenetically informative genes such as the bacterial 16S rRNA gene or whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing. These studies have contributed vast amounts of data toward characterization of the uterine microbiome, specifically that present in the amniotic fluid, fetal membranes, and placenta. However, an overwhelming emphasis has been placed on the bacterial microbiome, with far less data produced on the viral and fungal/yeast microbiomes. With numerous studies now referring to PTB as a polymicrobial condition, there is the need to investigate the role of viruses and fungi/yeasts in more detail and in particular, look for associations between colonization with these microorganisms and bacteria in the same samples. Although the major pathway by which microorganisms are believed to colonize the uterine cavity is vertical ascension from the vagina, numerous studies are now emerging suggesting hematogenous transfer of oral microbiota to the uterine cavity. Evidence of this has been produced in mouse models and although DNA-based evidence in humans appears convincing in some aspects, use of methodologies that only detect viable cells as opposed to lysed cells and extracellular DNA are needed to clarify this. Such techniques as RNA analyses and viability polymerase chain reaction are likely to play key roles in the clinical translation of future microbiome-based data, particularly in confined environments such as the uterus, as detection of viable cells plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment of infection.

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Q Fever during Pregnancy

Cited by 83 publications

References 97 publications

ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women

ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes andCoxiella burnetiiAntibodies in Pregnant Women, Denmark

Exploring Preterm Birth as a Polymicrobial Disease: An Overview of the Uterine Microbiome

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