QTLs conferring cold tolerance at the booting stage of rice using recombinant inbred lines from a japonica × indica cross

Abstract

Low temperature stress is common for rice grown in temperate regions and at high elevations in the tropics. The most senstive stage to this stress is booting, about 11 days before heading. Japonica cultivars are known to be more tolerant than indicas. We constructed a genetic map using 191 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between a temperate japonica, M-202, and a tropical indica, IR50, in order to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring cold tolerance. The map with a total length of 1,276.8 cM and an average density of one marker every 7.1 cM was developed from 181 loci produced by 175 microsatellite markers. Cold tolerance was measured as the degree of spikelet sterility of treated plants at a 12 degrees C temperature for 5 days in the growth chamber. QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 were identified to confer cold tolerance at the booting stage. The QTL contribution to the phenotypic variation ranged from 11 to 17%. The two QTLs with the highest contribution to variation, designated qCTB2a and qCTB3, were derived from the tolerant parent, M-202, each explaining approximately 17% of the phenotypic variance. Two of the eight QTLs for cold tolerance were contributed by IR50.

Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

“…It is known that temperature is an important factor in determining greater or lower damage to plants. Studies under controlled temperature have used variable temperature between day and night (Lin & Peterson, 1975;Gunawardena et al, 2003) or constant temperature, which has varied from 10 to 20°C (Lin & Peterson, 1975;Lee, 1979;Khan et al, 1986;Andaya & Mackill, 2003). In choosing the temperature for performing these evaluations, it is important to consider that lower temperatures allow for the identification of highest levels of tolerance and high temperatures help identify moderate tolerance.…”

“…Several screening procedures have been described for evaluating cold tolerance under controlled environment, which employ a range of air temperatures from 10 to 20°C (Lin & Peterson, 1975;Lee, 1979;Khan et al, 1986;Andaya & Mackill, 2003;Gunawardena et al, 2003) or cold water (19°C) for the screening (Saito et al, 2001;2004;Takeuchi et al, 2001). A simple method that allows for an objective evaluation of rice genotypes to low temperatures manipulated in the local breeding programs might make the selection process easier and less costly.…”

Genome-wide association study of cold tolerance of Chinese indica rice varieties at the bud burst stage

“…Generally, japonica cultivars are more coldtolerant than indica cultivars (Shakiba et al 2017). Most bi-parental populations used in QTL analyses have been derived from a cross between a cold-tolerant japonica variety and a cold-sensitive indica variety; consequently, most QTLs associated with cold tolerance are derived from the japonica parent (Andaya and Mackill 2003;Kuroki et al 2007;Ma et al 2015;Zhu et al 2015). From these QTLs, several genes have been cloned using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and backcross inbred line (BILs) (Ma et al 2015;Saito et al 2010;Zhang et al 2014).…”

A phenotypic marker for quantifying heat stress impact during microsporogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…The probability of these combined stresses damaging rice crops in the major ricegrowing regions in Southern and South-east Asia has been recently mapped (Wassmann et al 2009). The rice scientific community has intensified efforts to develop rice varieties capable of withstanding these adverse conditions (heat stress, Yoshida et al 1981;Jagadish et al 2010aJagadish et al , 2010bJagadish et al , 2011drought stress, Bernier et al 2007;Kumar et al 2008;Venuprasad et al 2008; cold stress, Andaya and Mackill 2003;Ji et al 2011) to sustain rice production under future adverse climates. Rice is extremely sensitive to these stresses, in particular, during the reproductive -gametogenesis and flowering stages -and exposure can result in increased spikelet sterility, which in turn, reduces grain yield.…”