QTLs for malting flavour component associated with pre-harvest sprouting susceptibility in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Jin, Xiaoli; Harasymow, Stefan; Bonnardeaux, Yumiko; Tarr, A.; Appels, R.; Lance, Reg; Zhang, Guoping; Li, Chengdao

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2010.09.004

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…As LOX content has not been a selection criterion in breeding programs to date, we speculate that low LOX is associated with other preferred malting quality traits. This phenomenon has also been observed in QTL mapping for many traits including enzyme activity for alpha-amylase and beta-glucanase [ 18 ]. A recently study demonstrated 9-lipoxygenase as modulator of local and systemic defense in Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…More recently, Jin et al . [ 18 ] found another 3 QTLs controlling LOX content in the Stirling/Harrington DH population. One QTL at chromosome 5HL contributed to 39 of genetic variation in LOX content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that these varieties and breeding lines have common genes for controlling low LOX. In a previous study, two QTLs were identified from Harrington controlling low LOX content on chromosome 5HC and 5HL [ 18 ]. As there is no LOX structural genes in the chromosomal regions, the low LOX content from Harrington and its derived varieties should be due to trans-regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence variation and haplotypes of lipoxygenase gene LOX-1 in the Australian barley varieties

Harasymow

Zhang

et al. 2014

BMC Genet

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BackgroundLipoxygenases are a family of enzymes which catalyse the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene to form conjugated hydroperoxydienes. Lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) in barley worsens the flavour and foam stability of beer. It has become a major selection criteria for malting quality in the last few years.ResultsLipoxygenase activity was investigated in 41 Australian barley cultivars and advanced breeding lines released since the 1950s; the cultivars differed markedly, ranging from 22.3 to 46.5 U/g. The structural gene and its promoter of lipoxygenase-1 were sequenced from the barley varieties representing different levels of LOX. Based on the analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, two major haplotypes were identified. Barley varieties with lower LOX were classified into three categories based on their pedigrees and sequence variations in the structural gene: (1) barley varieties derived from Canadian varieties with the pre-harvest sprouting susceptible allele, (2) Skiff and Hindmarsh with unique haplotype in the structural gene, and (3) Gairdner and Onslow with an unknown mechanism.ConclusionLipoxygenase activity has been reduced in the malting barley cultivars in the last 60 years although it is only recognized as a malting quality trait recently. There are clear haplotypes of the lipoxygenase structual gene. The polymorphisms detected in the structural gene can be used to design molecular markers for selection of low LOX haplotype. Other mechanisms also existed for controlling lipoxygenase activity. The results suggest that it is possible to develop barley varieties with lower LOX by combination of low LOX-1 haplotype and other trans-regulation factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence variation and haplotypes of lipoxygenase gene LOX-1 in the Australian barley varieties

Harasymow

Zhang

et al. 2014

BMC Genet

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“…Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling malting quality and dormancy, which confers resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, are tightly linked (Ullrich et al, 2009;Castro et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2011). This association has complicated the development of malting barley cultivars resistant to pre-harvest sprouting and breeding for high levels of a-amylase may have inadvertently reduced resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (Lin et al, 2009;Edney et al, 2013).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the tight association between major malt quality and dormancy QTL, identification of cultivars which combine malt quality suitable for North American adjunct style brewing and resistance to pre-harvest sprouting has been a challenge for barley breeders (Ullrich et al, 2009;Castro et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2011;Edney et al, 2013). Malting cultivars developed in the United Kingdom commonly have a moderate degree of dormancy suggesting that combining resistance to pre-harvest sprouting with quality suitable for all-malt styles of brewing is an avenue that could be pursued by North American barley breeders selecting for high rainfall regions.…”

Section: Falling Number and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Barley for the Emerging Craft Malting Industry in Western Washington

et al. 2016

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Craft malting companies are emerging in response to demand from the rapidly growing North American craft brewing industry, and creating a market for malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in production regions considered to be of minor importance for this crop. Growing malting barley in these under‐represented areas, such as western Washington, requires identification of cultivars with suitable agronomic and quality characteristics. Twelve two‐row spring barley cultivars were evaluated for 2 yr at four western Washington locations to assess suitability for craft malt production in the region. Standard North American malting cultivars had lower yield stability than locally adapted feed cultivars. Pre‐harvest sprouting reduced falling number and germination capacity resulting in a high proportion of samples unsuitable for malt quality evaluation. Cultivars with the highest levels of resistance to pre‐harvest sprouting did not meet malt quality standards when malted according to standard micro‐malting methods. However, craft maltsters have more flexibility to alter processing conditions to produce malt from cultivars previously deemed unacceptable for large‐scale malting and brewing. Craft brewer specifications for malt are also different from large‐scale industry. The current work suggests the need to adjust the malting process to work with locally adapted cultivars while expanding regional testing and breeding programs. Demand for barley for craft malt production outside of major production regions is increasing. Standard North American malting barley cultivars are susceptible to preharvest sprouting and foliar pathogens common in nontraditional growing regions such as western Washington. To meet demand for craft breweries the emerging craft malting industry will need to find ways to work with locally adapted cultivars while expanding regional testing and breeding programs.

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Association of HvLDI with limit dextrinase activity and malt quality in barley

Jin

Cai

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Lett

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Limit dextrinase (LD) is a unique de-branching enzyme involved in starch mobilization of barley grains during malting, and closely related to malt quality. Genotypic variation of LD activity is controlled by genetic factors and also affected by environmental conditions. Correlation analysis between LD activity and four malt quality parameters showed that LD activity was positively correlated with diastatic power, Kolbach index and the quality of malt extract, while negatively correlated with viscosity. The structure-based association analysis demonstrated that HvLDI, a gene encoding limit dextrinase inhibitor, was a major determinant of LD activity and malt quality. The single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LD activity could be used in early generation selection for barley breeding.

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QTLs for malting flavour component associated with pre-harvest sprouting susceptibility in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract: chromosome 2H explained 6% of genetic variation but was significant in both years. 43The Australian variety Stirling contributed to higher LOX content for the three QTLs.

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Sequence variation and haplotypes of lipoxygenase gene LOX-1 in the Australian barley varieties

Sequence variation and haplotypes of lipoxygenase gene LOX-1 in the Australian barley varieties

Evaluating Barley for the Emerging Craft Malting Industry in Western Washington

Association of HvLDI with limit dextrinase activity and malt quality in barley

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