Quad Element MIMO Antenna for C, X, Ku, and Ka-Band Applications

Abstract

This article presents a quad-element MIMO antenna designed for multiband operation. The prototype of the design is fabricated and utilizes a vector network analyzer (VNA-AV3672D) to measure the S-parameters. The proposed antenna is capable of operating across three broad frequency bands: 3–15.5 GHz, encompassing the C band (4–8 GHz), X band (8–12.4 GHz), and a significant portion of the Ku band (12.4–15.5 GHz). Additionally, it covers two mm-wave bands, specifically 26.4–34.3 GHz and 36.1–48.9 GHz, which corresponds to 86% of the Ka-band (27–40 GHz). To enhance its performance, the design incorporates a partial ground plane and a top patch featuring a dual-sided reverse 3-stage stair and a straight stick symmetrically placed at the bottom. The introduction of a defected ground structure (DGS) on the ground plane serves to provide a wideband response. The DGS on the ground plane plays a crucial role in improving the electromagnetic interaction between the grounding surface and the top patch, contributing to the wideband characteristics of the antenna. The dimensions of the proposed MIMO antenna are 31.7 mm × 31.7 mm × 1.6 mm. Furthermore, the article delves into the assessment of various performance metrics related to antenna diversity, such as ECC, DG, TARC, MEG, CCL, and channel capacity, with corresponding values of 0.11, 8.87 dB, −6.6 dB, ±3 dB, 0.32 bits/sec/Hz, and 18.44 bits/sec/Hz, respectively. Additionally, the equivalent circuit analysis of the MIMO system is explored in the article. It’s worth noting that the measured results exhibit a strong level of agreement with the simulated results, indicating the reliability of the proposed design. The MIMO antenna’s ability to exhibit multiband response, good diversity performance, and consistent channel capacity across various frequency bands renders it highly suitable for integration into multi-band wireless devices. The developed MIMO system should be applicable on n77/n78/n79 5G NR (3.3–5 GHz); WLAN (4.9–5.725 GHz); Wi-Fi (5.15–5.85 GHz); LTE5537.5 (5.15–5.925 GHz); WiMAX (5.25–5.85 GHz); WLAN (5.725–5.875 GHz); long-distance radio telecommunication (4–8 GHz; C-band); satellite, radar, space communications and terrestrial broadband (8–12 GHz; X-band); and various satellite communications (27–40 GHz; Ka-band).

Dual-Band 2 × 1 Monopole Antenna Array and Its MIMO Configuration for WiMAX, Sub-6 GHz, and Sub-7 GHz Applications

“…MIMO technology has the capacity to improve communication systems by enhancing link quality, minimizing the impacts of multipath fading, and increasing spectral efficiency [19]. In this section, we extend the 2 × 1 antenna array to a two-port MIMO antenna with a size of 126 × 63 mm 2 .…”

Dual-band inset-fed diamond-shaped patch MIMO antenna for wireless communication applications

“…An UWB antenna design incorporating an EBG structure is proposed for similar applications [15]. The closely coupled multiple radiating elements create mutual coupling, and various methods such as parasitic elements [16], decoupling structures [17], EBG [18], and orthogonality have been reported in the literature to mitigate this issue [19]. Compact and high gain cup-shaped MIMO antenna [20] serving for wireless applications [21].…”