Qual seria a fonte de fungos miceliais encontrados em leite humano ordenhado?

Abstract

Studies on the vertical stratification of phlebotomine sandfly fauna were conducted in a non-flooded primary forest at a Tropical Forest Experimental Station of the National Institute of Amazonian Research from October 1998 to March 1999. CDC light traps were placed at one, 10, and 20 meters above ground. A total of 2,859 sandflies were captured, belonging to the Lutzomyia (99.93%) and Brumtomyia (0.07%) genera, represented by 38 species. In the Lutzomyia gender, the most frequent sub-gender was Nyssomyia (43.4%), followed by Psychodopygus (22.8%). Lutzomyia umbratilis, L. anduzei, L. rorotaensis, L. trichopyga, and L. olmeca nociva predominated at one meter above ground, while L. davisi, L. infraspinosa, L. umbratilis, L. trichopyga, and L. anduzei predominated at 10 meters. L. anduzei, L. tuberculata, L. dendrophyla, and L. dreisbachi were the most abundant species at 20 meters. L. umbratilis, which appeared at all three levels of vertical stratification, has great epidemic significance as a vector of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis.

Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp. and blood-meal sources in Jamari National Forest, Rondônia State, Brazil

“…For each month of collection on both trails, the mean abundance and richness of sand flies per trap/night was higher in the canopy than at ground level. This finding corroborates the findings of other Amazonian studies [ 12 , 14 , 16 ]. The canopy provides more plentiful resting sites among leaves and trunks, and offers a greater variety of nocturnal blood-meal sources which may attract sand flies since sand flies are most active at night.…”

“…To understand how CL is transmitted in the region, it is necessary to determine ecological parameters such as the composition and diversity of phlebotomine species (with a focus on vectors) and to identify which vertebrate blood meals participate in the maintenance of the Leishmania cycle in forest environments. In rainforests, the distribution of sand fly populations can be influenced by physical, biological and microclimatic conditions that differ between stratification levels [ 14 ]. For example, Lutzomyia davisi is found in abundance both in canopy and at ground level [ 14 , 15 ], but Lutzomyia flaviscutellata tends to be distributed at ground level where it feeds primarily on rodents [ 16 , 17 ].…”

A Repertoire of Clinical Non-Dermatophytes Moulds

“…Breast: A majority of Aspergillus was isolated from this particular site. It should be noted that the Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus niger complexes have already been isolated from milk samples [207,208]. Interestingly, four publications reported fungal infections following breast implant surgery, a situation that is not well-known in this field, due to Aspergillus niger [209,210], Paecilomyces variotii [211] and Scedosporium apiospermum [212].…”

Artificial Lighting as a Vector Attractant and Cause of Disease Diffusion

“…Sand flies (phlebotomines), the vectors of Leishmania , are poor flyers (Dias-Lima et al 2002) that are attracted to lighted surroundings but are usually not found directly on lamps. In periurban areas, street lighting attracts sand flies to small farms or kitchen gardens, where dogs, chickens, and other small animals become the hosts.…”