QUAL2K Model Used in the Water Quality Assessment of Qiantang River, China

Fang, Xiaobo; Zhang, Jianying; Chen, Yingxu; Xu, Xiangyang

doi:10.2175/106143008x304794

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There are a number of publications on the application of QUAL2K (e.g. Park and Lee, 2002;Fang et al, 2008;Fan et al, 2009). The following features characterize QUAL2K:…”

Section: Configuration Of the Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

River water quality response under hypothetical climate change scenarios in Tunga-Bhadra river, India

Rehana

Mujumdar

2011

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Analysis of climate change impacts on streamflow by perturbing the climate inputs has been a concern for many authors in the past few years, but there are few analyses for the impacts on water quality. To examine the impact of change in climate variables on the water quality parameters, the water quality input variables have to be perturbed. The primary input variables that can be considered for such an analysis are streamflow and water temperature, which are affected by changes in precipitation and air temperature, respectively. Using hypothetical scenarios to represent both greenhouse warming and streamflow changes, the sensitivity of the water quality parameters has been evaluated under conditions of altered river flow and river temperature in this article. Historical data analysis of hydroclimatic variables is carried out, which includes flow duration exceedance percentage (e.g. Q90), single low-flow indices (e.g. 7Q10, 30Q10) and relationships between climatic variables and surface variables. For the study region of Tunga-Bhadra river in India, low flows are found to be decreasing and water temperatures are found to be increasing. As a result, there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels found in recent years. Water quality responses of six hypothetical climate change scenarios were simulated by the water quality model, QUAL2K. A simple linear regression relation between air and water temperature is used to generate the scenarios for river water temperature. The results suggest that all the hypothetical climate change scenarios would cause impairment in water quality. It was found that there is a significant decrease in DO levels due to the impact of climate change on temperature and flows, even when the discharges were at safe permissible levels set by pollution control agencies (PCAs). The necessity to improve the standards of PCA and develop adaptation policies for the dischargers to account for climate change is examined through a fuzzy waste load allocation model developed earlier.

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“…There are a number of publications on the application of QUAL2K (e.g. Park and Lee, 2002;Fang et al, 2008;Fan et al, 2009). The following features characterize QUAL2K:…”

Section: Configuration Of the Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

River water quality response under hypothetical climate change scenarios in Tunga-Bhadra river, India

Rehana

Mujumdar

2011

Hydrol. Process.

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“…Some successful examples of QUAL2K have also been published in recent years [18,19,20,21,22], for instance, Fang et al [23] applied the QUAL2K model to evaluate the spatial distribution of BOD in the Qiantang River, Zhang et al [24] selected the optimal water quality improvement program via simulation of various hypothetical scenarios using the QUAL2K model, so the QUAL2K model was chosen for the present study due to its popularity and ease of application. Trial and error [25,26] is a method of reaching a correct solution or satisfactory result by trying out various means or theories until errors are sufficiently reduced or eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Water Environmental Capacity and Pollution Load Reduction Using QUAL2K for Water Environmental Management

Zhang

Qian

Yuan

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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In recent years, water quality degradation associated with rapid socio-economic development in the Taihu Lake Basin, China, has attracted increasing attention from both the public and the Chinese government. The primary sources of pollution in Taihu Lake are its inflow rivers and their tributaries. Effective water environmental management strategies need to be implemented in these rivers to improve the water quality of Taihu Lake, and to ensure sustainable development in the region. The aim of this study was to provide a basis for water environmental management decision-making. In this study, the QUAL2K model for river and stream water quality was applied to predict the water quality and environmental capacity of the Hongqi River, which is a polluted tributary in the Taihu Lake Basin. The model parameters were calibrated by trial and error until the simulated results agreed well with the observed data. The calibrated QUAL2K model was used to calculate the water environmental capacity of the Hongqi River, and the water environmental capacities of CODCr NH3-N, TN, and TP were 17.51 t, 1.52 t, 2.74 t and 0.37 t, respectively. The results showed that the NH3-N, TN, and TP pollution loads of the studied river need to be reduced by 50.96%, 44.11%, and 22.92%, respectively to satisfy the water quality objectives. Thus, additional water pollution control measures are needed to control and reduce the pollution loads in the Hongqi River watershed. The method applied in this study should provide a basis for water environmental management decision-making.

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“…In China, this development has been accompanied by rapid industrialization and urbanization, resulting deteriorating environmental quality (Shao, Tang, Zhang, & Li, ). Therefore, it is not surprising that a number of Chinese studies sought to model water quality and pollutant transport through aquatic systems and their effects on freshwater biota (e.g., Fang, Zhang, Chen, & Xu, ; Lei, Huang, Qiao, Li, & Wang, ; Zhang, Liu, Li, & Zhao, ), as well as potential management strategies (e.g., Chen, Niu, & Zhang, ; Ciou, Kuo, Hsieh, & Yu, ; Kuo et al, ; Lin et al, ). The water‐management challenges of supporting large human populations, while encouraging economic development, were addressed in a number of Indian studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing models useful for ecohydrology and ecohydraulic approaches: An emphasis on integrating models to address complex research questions

et al. 2018

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Ecohydrology combines empiricism, data analytics, and the integration of models to characterize linkages between ecological and hydrological processes. A challenge for practitioners is determining which models best generalizes heterogeneity in hydrological behaviour, including water fluxes across spatial and temporal scales, integrating environmental and socio‐economic activities to determine best watershed management practices and data requirements. We conducted a literature review and synthesis of hydrologic, hydraulic, water quality, and ecological models designed for solving interdisciplinary questions. We reviewed 1,275 papers and identified 178 models that have the capacity to answer an array of research questions about ecohydrology or ecohydraulics. Of these models, 43 were commonly applied due to their versatility, accessibility, user‐friendliness, and excellent user‐support. Forty‐one of 43 reviewed models were linked to at least 1 other model especially: Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (linked to 21 other models), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (19), and Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (15). However, model integration was still relatively infrequent. There was substantial variation in model applications, possibly an artefact of the regional focus of research questions, simplicity of use, quality of user‐support efforts, or a limited understanding of model applicability. Simply increasing the interoperability of model platforms, transformation of models to user‐friendly forms, increasing user‐support, defining the reliability and risk associated with model results, and increasing awareness of model applicability may promote increased use of models across subdisciplines. Nonetheless, the current availability of models allows an array of interdisciplinary questions to be addressed, and model choice relates to several factors including research objective, model complexity, ability to link to other models, and interface choice.

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QUAL2K Model Used in the Water Quality Assessment of Qiantang River, China

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

River water quality response under hypothetical climate change scenarios in Tunga-Bhadra river, India

River water quality response under hypothetical climate change scenarios in Tunga-Bhadra river, India

Simulation of Water Environmental Capacity and Pollution Load Reduction Using QUAL2K for Water Environmental Management

Synthesizing models useful for ecohydrology and ecohydraulic approaches: An emphasis on integrating models to address complex research questions

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