Qualitative analysis of the risks and practices associated with the spread of African swine fever within the smallholder pig value chains in Uganda

Dione, Michel; Ouma, Emily A.; Opio, F.; Kawuma, Brian; Pezo, Danilo A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.001

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The maintenance and circulation of ASFV in domestic pigs largely or entirely in the absence of wild suid involvement is now known to occur in more than half of the countries where ASF is endemic (Penrith et al., ). A number of studies in different countries have identified a variety of risks ranging from failure to confine pigs to agents who travel from farm to farm to collect pigs, sometimes selling infected pigs and meat, all of which could be mitigated by the implementation of relatively simple biosecurity measures (Brown et al., ; Costard, Porphyre, et al., ; Dione et al., , ; Fasina, Agbaje, et al., ; Fasina, Lazarus, Spencer, Makinde, & Bastos, ; Kabuuka et al., ; Lichoti et al., ; Nantima et al., ; Penrith et al., , ). In rural areas where there is often extreme poverty swill feeding has a low risk, as there is usually little leftover food, with all parts of slaughtered or hunted animals being consumed by the people (E. Chenais, personal communication, 2017; M.L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A process of ASF risk mitigation throughout pig value chains that includes improving pig husbandry practices to achieve an adequate level of biosecurity and eliminating risky trading practices could result in significant reduction, if not elimination, of ASF in domestic pigs. Awareness creation has been identified as important if better management of ASF is to be achieved (Brown et al., ; Dione et al., ; Nantima et al., ; Penrith et al., ). However, traditional and smallholder pig farmers most often cannot afford to confine their pigs and feed them, because the operation then becomes unprofitable (Chenais, Boqvist, Sternbgerg‐Lewerin, et al., ; Costard, Porphyre, et al., ; Lekule & Kyvsgaard, ; Verhulst, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, producers are reluctant or unable to invest in improving management by confining their pigs, feeding them on commercial rations and providing basic health care (Lekule & Kyvsgaard, ; Penrith et al., ; Verhulst, ). The risks posed by feeding pigs garbage, either as swill or by releasing them to scavenge, and by selling pigs through agents who move from farm to farm, are compounded by panic selling of pigs and infected pork during outbreaks of ASF, which serves to spread the disease (Brown et al., ; Chenais, Boqvist, Sternbgerg‐Lewerin, et al., ; Dione, Ouma, Opio, Kawuma, & Pezo, ; Dione et al., ; Lichoti et al., ; Muwonge et al., ; Nantima et al., ). A survey of pig sales patterns on the border between Kenya and Uganda revealed that producers selling sick pigs tend to seek markets in communities further away from their usual outlets (Lichoti et al., ).…”

Section: Transmission Routes Of Asfv In Domestic Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

105

119

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African swine fever (ASF) is believed to have evolved in eastern and southern Africa in a sylvatic cycle between common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex that live in their burrows. The involvement of warthogs and possibly other wild suids in the maintenance of ASF virus means that the infection cannot be eradicated from Africa, but only prevented and controlled in domestic pig populations. Historically, outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs in Africa were almost invariably linked to the presence of warthogs, but subsequent investigations of the disease in pigs revealed the presence of another cycle involving domestic pigs and ticks, with a third cycle becoming apparent when the disease expanded into West Africa where the sylvatic cycle is not present. The increase in ASF outbreaks that has accompanied the exponential growth of the African pig population over the last three decades has heralded a shift in the epidemiology of ASF in Africa, and the growing importance of the pig husbandry and trade in the maintenance and spread of ASF. This review, which focuses on the ASF situation between 1989 and 2017, suggests a minor role for wild suids compared with the domestic cycle, driven by socio‐economic factors that determine the ability of producers to implement the control measures needed for better management of ASF in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmission Routes Of Asfv In Domestic Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

105

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A group of studies stand out for adopting a qualitative approach to the study of traders' perceptions and practices with regard to ASF [35][36][37][38]. These studies indicate that traders generally are knowledgeable about major clinical signs and transmission routes [35,36] and are often aware of their potential role in disseminating ASF.…”

Section: Previous Research On Trader Perceptions and Practices Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and practices among Zambian sheep and goat traders concerning small ruminant health and disease

et al. 2020

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Trade in animals and animal products is a key factor in the transmission of infectious diseases. Livestock traders play an important role in this process, yet there is little knowledge of traders' perceptions of animal disease or their associated actions. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions and practices of Zambian small ruminant traders with regard to sheep and goat health and disease. It also analysed how existing perceptions and practices might affect risks of disease transmission through trade. A case study was performed at the two largest small livestock markets in Zambia: the Lusaka market in the capital and the Kasumbalesa market near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. Semistructured interviews with 47 traders performed in April-May and September 2018 represent the core material. Zambian small ruminant traders frequently trade animals that have clinical signs of disease, either because they appear unaware or indifferent to the associated risks, experience financial constraints or assign responsibility for disease prevention to other value chain actors. In their decision about whether or not to sell a visibly sick small ruminant, traders appear to consider whether the clinical sign is perceived as 'natural' or the result of an illness, whether the buyer is aware of the animal's health condition, and whether the animal is sold for consumption or breeding purposes. Traders appear to regard the veterinary certificate required to transport small ruminants in Zambia as proof of health, placing the responsibility for potential disease in traded animals on the veterinary authorities. In their description of a model trader, taking good care of and being sensitive to customer needs was emphasized, indicating that an efficient way to encourage traders to change their behaviour is to influence customer demands. In contrast to the focus in previous studies on identifying and filling knowledge gaps, the present study show that lack of knowledge is not central to why traders engage in disease-transmitting behaviour. Greater awareness of other reasons for certain perceptions and practices could lead to the formulation of risk communication strategies and mitigation measures that are relevant for the local context, as well as alternative strategies for changing trader behaviour.

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“…Farmers and farm staff need to be aware of both exotic and common infectious diseases, and they should be familiar with preventive measures that can block disease entrance. Some risk factors associated with ASF introduction are poor farming practices, poor training of farm personnel, lack of communication and awareness, lack of motivation for following regulations, poor record‐keeping on the farm and no audit of biosecurity‐related activities (Arias & Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, ; Dione, Ouma, Opio, Kawuma, & Pezo, ; Gallardo, De la Torre, et al., ).…”

Section: Prevention Detection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaps in African swine fever: Analysis and priorities

Arias¹,

Jurado

Gallardo³

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

136

126

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SummaryAfrican swine fever (ASF) causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts on swine herds than many other swine diseases. Although ASF was first described in 1921 and it has affected more than fifty countries in Africa, Europe and South America, several key issues about its pathogenesis, immune evasion and epidemiology remain uncertain. This article reviews the main characteristics of the causative virus, its molecular epidemiology, natural hosts, clinical features, epidemiology and control worldwide. It also identifies and prioritizes gaps in ASF from a horizontal point of view encompassing fields including molecular biology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and vaccine development. The purpose of this review is to promote ASF research and enhance its control.

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Qualitative analysis of the risks and practices associated with the spread of African swine fever within the smallholder pig value chains in Uganda

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Perceptions and practices among Zambian sheep and goat traders concerning small ruminant health and disease

Gaps in African swine fever: Analysis and priorities

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