Qualitative analysis on chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Rationale Ginger pulp is the dried rhizome scraped off the skin which originates from Zingiber officinale Rosc., a Zingiberaceae plant. Ginger peel is the dried rhizome skin of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). The present work aims to investigate the different chemical constituents that are related to the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. Methods A rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative analysis of the constituents in different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes. Results A total of 83 compounds were identified from the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes, including 36 diarylheptanoids, 25 gingerols and 22 other compounds. Nine of these were new compounds. In total, 46, 27, 65 and 51 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol fractions of the ginger pulp, respectively, and 60, 30, 70 and 62 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol fractions of the ginger peel, respectively. Each identified compound is marked on the corresponding chromatogram. Conclusions The integrated method is sensitive and reliable for searching the different chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. This work may provide a significant contribution to research into the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel.

The Antiemetic Mechanisms of Gingerols against Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

“…The bioactive compounds in ginger are varied [ 12 , 21 ]. Li et al established a qualitive analysis to reveal the phytochemical constituents of ginger rhizomes extract, and the compounds were mainly characteristic as diarylheptanoids, gingerols, and others [ 22 ]. Gingerols are the main pungent constituents and important nutraceutical principles of ginger and can be divided into different constituents based on the different chains connected with the functional group, such as gingerols, shogaols, zingerones, gingerdiones, and gingerdiones [ 21 ].…”

“…The single ingredients of gingerols obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP, http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php ) are 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, whose oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug likeness (DL) ≥ 0.14. Other common ingredients including 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol, and 10-shogaol are added as well, according to the phytochemical constituents of ginger [ 12 , 22 , 23 ]. Then, the ingredients are imported into the Swiss Target Prediction database ( http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/ ) to obtain targets.…”

“…The anti-inflammation activity of gingerols through acting on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway could be a novel mechanism in preventing CINV. However, although the gingerols isolated from ginger extract might contain all monomers as network pharmacology predicted [ 22 ], their potential effects on CINV might be absent since the concentrations of some monomers in gingerols might be below the minimum effect dose. Therefore, future studies focusing on the effect of both monomers in gingerols and gingerols themselves to treat CINV may further identify the underlying antiemetic mechanism.…”

Renoprotective Glycoside Derivatives from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Peels

“…In a previous investigation, we confirmed that the gingerols are the main components in the ethyl acetate extracts of ginger and ginger peel extract. 12 In the effort described below which focused on identifying glycosides substances other than gingerols, we investigated metabolites in n-butanol extracts of ginger peel and elucidating their antirenal fibrosis activities. This study led to isolation of 18 previously unidentified glycosides including seven diarylheptanoid glycosides (1−7), a diterpene glycoside (8), two sesquiterpene glycosides (9,10), six monoterpenoid glycosides (11−16), and two aromatic glycosides (17,18), together with six known natural compounds (19−24) (Figure 1).…”

Systematic analysis of chemical profiles of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma in vitro and in vivo using UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE

“…UPLC, coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS), as a quick, accurate, and simple method, can separate and identify the chemical components of TCM. UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS has greatly improved the efficiency of analysis and identification of chemical components, and it occupies a significant position in the qualitative analysis of TCM (Kuo et al, 2020; Li, Hu, et al, 2021; Lia et al, 2021). UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS is an efficient technique for high‐throughput screening of compounds due to the data‐independent acquisition mode (MS E ), which could be useful for detecting almost all of the parent ions.…”