Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf extract and its antimicrobial effect in animal production

Abstract

In order to improve livestock production and curb the losses from diseases occurrence in livestock, producers resort to the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters to inhibit the growth of disease-causing organisms. Freshly harvested pawpaw leaves were extracted using three solvents: ethanol, methanol and n-hexane and their phytochemicals determined using standard procedure. The inhibitory activities of the extracts at low (200ppm) and high (1000ppm) concentrations against Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli were also determined. Results obtained showed that alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin and cardiac glycosides were present while anthraquinone was absent. The percentage yield of phenols using methanol (0.115%) and ethanol (0.214%) solvents were similar but lower than nhexane yield (0.450%). Also the yield of flavonoid using methanol (0.700%) is significantly (p<0.05) higher than the yield using other solvents. The yield of phenols using methanol (0.480%) and ethanol (0.470%) solvents were identical but higher than n-hexane yield (0.400%). At low concentration, it was observed that the inhibitory concentrations of pawpaw leaf extract against bacteria by control, streptomycin (1.2cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher but similar to the extract from methanol solvent (1.1cm). Methanol extract inhibition was also similar to ethanol (1.0cm) but higher than n-hexane (0.0cm). At high concentration, the inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract (1.2cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control (0.7cm) and the least observed in n hexane (0.0cm) extract. The inhibitory concentrations of pawpaw leaf extract against fungi Aspergillus niger at low (2.2cm) and high (2.2cm) concentrations, the methanol extract was observed to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than other extracts including control. The results suggest that using methanol-extracted pawpaw leaf as alternatives to synthetic antibiotic in animal production is effective against microbial organisms. Thus the occurrence of resistance to antibiotic or its residues on animal products will be reduced.

Influence of diets supplemented with Carica papaya and Chromolaena odorata leaf meals on performance, blood profile and gut integrity of broiler chickens

“…Birds on the combination of Carica papaya and Chromolaena odorata leaf meal diets had lower level of TCC and TEC than those on the individual treatment. The result of this study supported the reports of Omidiwura et al (2017), that methanol-extracted pawpaw leaf can be used as alternatives to synthetic antibiotic in livestock production because it is effective against pathogenic microbial organisms.…”

efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extract against some bacteria which isolated from cow milk

“…The presence of chemicals in both extracts is consistent with the hypothesis. While the absence of anthraquinones in the leaves found in this study contradictsOmidiwura's (2017) findings, it agrees with Ajani et al (2013) and Doughari's research (…”

“…Plants produce phytochemicals during their primary or secondary metabolism; but, as stated by, proof of their potential health effects has yet to be established (Nwofia et al, 2012). These chemicals are recognized to be physiologically active, which helps Carica papaya's antibacterial properties (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Pharmacognostical Standardization, Formulation And Evaluation Of Carica Papaya L. Sparkling Water For Dengue Fever And Its Management

“…From this solution, 1 ml was extracted and processed following the same procedure as the standard. This ensured consistency and accuracy in the estimation of total flavonoid content in the samples (Omidiwura BR 2017).…”