Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the potential effect of cigarette smoking on enamel of human smokers’ teeth

Ibrahim, Hoda A; Hassan, Gihan S.

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104953

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Little evidence is present for the exact mechanisms of how tobacco and nicotine products may discolor teeth. Scanning electron microscopy findings, by Ibrahim et al 2019 (Ibrahim and Hassan, 2020 ) show that cigarette smoke exposure causes variable degrees of destruction from surface pits and holes to destruction of the rod substance of enamel. These surface irregularities could then be more susceptible to three direct staining mechanisms described by Nathoo ( 1997 ) by which chromogens could cause staining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Karanjkar

Preshaw

Ellis

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Introduction: Dental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated-tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes).Objectives: This systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials.Material and Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions.A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology.Results: Of the 815 records titles identified, 56 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies-enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval [12.11, 20.32; I 2 : 96%)and materials (pooled result from four studies-resin composite; MD: 11.90; 95% CI: 11.47, 12.34; I 2 : 100%). There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes 99%) and heated tobacco products (HTPs; pooled results from three studies-−1.07, 6.54; I 2 : 99%) cause staining, but this was lower than with traditional tobacco/found 11 compounds, of which 8 were terpenoids, from tobacco products implicated in causing staining. Finally, there was some evidence that resin composites stained more than other materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Karanjkar

Preshaw

Ellis

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…Other aspects such as personal hygiene [ 19 ] or smoking habits [ 224 ] can condition the state of the teeth and even their mechanical properties. Ibrahim and Hassan (2021) studied the effect of smoking habits on enamel, finding out that there is a decrease in microhardness and calcium in smoking subjects’ teeth [ 224 ].…”

Section: Environment Dependent Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Modelling for Tooth Survival Studies: Mechanical Properties, Loads and Boundary Conditions—A Narrative Review

2022

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Recent biomechanical studies have focused on studying the response of teeth before and after different treatments under functional and parafunctional loads. These studies often involve experimental and/or finite element analysis (FEA). Current loading and boundary conditions may not entirely represent the real condition of the tooth in clinical situations. The importance of homogenizing both sample characterization and boundary conditions definition for future dental biomechanical studies is highlighted. The mechanical properties of dental structural tissues are presented, along with the effect of functional and parafunctional loads and other environmental and biological parameters that may influence tooth survival. A range of values for Young’s modulus, Poisson ratio, compressive strength, threshold stress intensity factor and fracture toughness are provided for enamel and dentin; as well as Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio for the PDL, trabecular and cortical bone. Angles, loading magnitude and frequency are provided for functional and parafunctional loads. The environmental and physiological conditions (age, gender, tooth, humidity, etc.), that may influence tooth survival are also discussed. Oversimplifications of biomechanical models could end up in results that divert from the natural behavior of teeth. Experimental validation models with close-to-reality boundary conditions should be developed to compare the validity of simplified models.

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Evaluating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco Products on Hard Dental Tissues: A Comparative Histological and Colorimetric Analysis

Al Ankily,

Makkeyah,

Bakr

et al. 2024

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of cigarette smoking (CS) and heated tobacco (HT) on the alteration of color and ultrastructural characteristics of human enamel and cementum.BackgroundAccording to tobacco companies, a less harmful substitute for CS is HT products. Nevertheless, comprehensive research on the effects of HT on tooth structures has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of CS and HT on the alteration of color and ultrastructural characteristics of human enamel and cementum.Materials and MethodsThirty intact and noncarious human maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purposes, previously disinfected, were used in the study. The specimens were randomly separated into six groups (n = 10), as follows: Group 1: enamel without smoking exposure; Group 2: enamel exposed to CS; Group 3: enamel exposed to HT; Group 4: cementum without smoking exposure; Group 5: cementum exposed to CS; and Group 6: cementum exposed to HT. The measurement of color change was conducted using a spectrophotometer. The surface alterations and mineral composition of enamel and cementum were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine significant differences between groups.ResultsResults showed that CS had a more pronounced effect on enamel and cementum color changes than HT. The impact of CS and HT on color changes was more evident in cementum than in enamel. Surface morphology of enamel and cementum showed alterations in histology following exposure to both smoking types. Moreover, the mineral content experienced a significant reduction after using CS and HT. The reduction in calcium content after CS and HT exposure was similar. However, HT led to a significant decrease in the phosphorus content of enamel when compared with CS. At the same time, CS exposure in cementum resulted in a more significant reduction in Ca/P ratio than HT.ConclusionsAlthough HT may appear to present a lower danger to hard dental tissues than CS, it is not entirely harmless. CS results in more color changes on the enamel and cementum of teeth. Both smoking methods affected the mineral content of teeth, with CS having a significant effect on the roots, while HT significantly affected the crowns' mineral composition.

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Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the potential effect of cigarette smoking on enamel of human smokers’ teeth

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Biomechanical Modelling for Tooth Survival Studies: Mechanical Properties, Loads and Boundary Conditions—A Narrative Review

Evaluating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco Products on Hard Dental Tissues: A Comparative Histological and Colorimetric Analysis

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