Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas Using Bolus Injection and Continuous Infusion Methods in Normal Dogs

Lim, Sue Yee; Nakamura, Kensuke; Morishita, Kayoko; Sasaki, Noboru; Murakami, Masahiro; Osuga, Tatsuyuki; Ohta, Hiroshi; Yamasaki, Masahiro; Takiguchi, Mitsuyoshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.13-0199

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Time parameters corresponding to blood flow velocity (peak time, wash‐in time, wash‐in to peak time, and time to peak enhancement) and intensity parameters (peak and mean intensity) corresponding to blood volume were recorded from the resulting curves. Peak intensity reflecting maximum contrast enhancement while mean intensity reflects the mean pixel intensity over 60 s. Wash‐in was defined as the time when the intensity increased to 30% of the peak intensity . Each pancreas was assessed subjectively for the presence of peripheral or hilar vessels, speed of wash‐in, wash‐out, and homogeneity of the contrast enhancement.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs With Acute Pancreatitis

Rademacher

Schur

Gaschen

et al. 2015

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Pancreatitis is the most frequent disease affecting the exocrine pancreas in dogs and reliable diagnostic techniques for predicting fatal complications are lacking. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) improves detection of tissue perfusion as well as organ lesion vascular pattern. Objectives of this prospective case control study were to compare perfusion characteristics and enhancement patterns of the pancreas in healthy dogs and dogs with pancreatitis using CEUS. Ten healthy dogs and eight dogs with pancreatitis were selected based on physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and blood analysis findings. A CEUS study of the pancreas was performed for each dog and two observers who were aware of clinical status used advanced ultrasound quantification software to analyze time-intensity curves. Perfusion patterns were compared between healthy and affected dogs. In dogs with acute pancreatitis, mean pixel and peak intensity of the pancreatic parenchyma was significantly higher than that of normal dogs (P = 0.05) in between 6 and 60 s (P = <0.0001-0.046). This corresponds to a 311% increase in mean pixel intensity in dogs with acute pancreatitis compared to healthy dogs. Wash-in rates were greater and had a consistently steeper slope to peak in dogs with pancreatitis as opposed to healthy dogs. All dogs with pancreatitis showed a decrease in pixel intensity 10-15 days after the initial examination (P = 0.011) and their times to peak values were prolonged compared to the initial exam. Findings from the current study supported the use of CEUS for diagnosing pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, and disease monitoring following therapy in dogs.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The typical time‐intensity curve for the healthy pancreas shows a rapid increased followed by a short peak of strong enhancement with a fast wash out . The shape of the time‐intensity curves (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs With Acute Pancreatitis

Rademacher

Schur

Gaschen

et al. 2015

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Perfusion of the HV was evaluated after intravenous bolus injection of microbubble contrast agent (Sonazoid ® , Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan). According to our previous report [12], we administered 0.01 m l /kg Sonazoid ® through a 21 G butterfly catheter attached to a 22 G intravenous catheter placed in the cephalic vein, flushed by 2 m l of heparinized saline. Immediately after bolus injection, continuous scanning of the right HV was performed for 2 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs

Morishita

Hiramoto

Osuga

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein can assess intrahepatic hemodynamic changes and has been studied as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in humans. However, few reports have described its usefulness in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize CEUS findings of the hepatic vein in normal dogs and assess the repeatability of this method both in a conscious group (n=6) and a sedated group (n=6). Sonazoid® (0.01 ml/kg) was used as a contrast agent, and scanning of the hepatic vein was performed for 2 min. Time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in the hepatic vein. Four perfusion parameters were measured for quantitative analysis: hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), time to peak (TTP), time to peak phase (TTPP) and wash-out ratio (WR). CEUS examinations were performed three times in each dog. The median (range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the conscious group were 13.5 sec (9–22 sec), 12.5 sec (6–24 sec), 8 sec (6–13 sec) and 78.0% (60.7–91.7%), respectively. Median (range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the sedated group were 12 sec (8–17 sec), 12.5 sec (9–17 sec), 9 sec (7–13 sec) and 84.1% (63.0–94.4%), respectively. The coefficients of variation of these parameters in the conscious and sedated groups were 7.6–29.7% and 11.8–14.8%, respectively.

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“…In veterinary medicine, two original articles and two review papers have been published on CEUS characteristics of the pancreas in dogs. [14][15][16][17] However, at the time of this study, there were no published studies describing the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic characteristics of pancreatic insulinomas in dogs. The purpose of this study was to describe CEUS findings for a group of dogs with confirmed pancreatic insulinomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonographic Findings in Three Dogs With Pancreatic Insulinoma

Nakamura

Lim

Ochiai

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Abdominal ultrasonography is one of the most common diagnostic imaging modalities used for dogs with suspected insulinoma; however, pancreatic masses are clearly identified in fewer than half of affected dogs and benign pancreatic nodules can be difficult to differentiate from malignant ones. The purpose of this prospective study was to describe contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) characteristics of confirmed pancreatic insulinoma in a group of dogs. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) repeated hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels <60 mg/dl, twice or more); (2) elevated blood insulin levels with hypoglycemia; (3) pancreatic nodules detected with conventional ultrasonography; and (4) histological confirmation of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. Immediately following conventional ultrasonography of the entire abdomen, CEUS of the pancreatic nodule and adjacent parenchyma was performed using contrast-specific technology pulse inversion imaging and perflubutane microbubble contrast agent. Three dogs met inclusion criteria. Pancreatic nodules in all the three dogs became more clearly demarcated after injection of the contrast agent. Each nodule showed different enhancement patterns: markedly hyperechoic for 5 s, slightly hyperechoic for 1 s, and clearly hypoechoic for over 30 s. These results were not in complete agreement with previously reported CEUS findings in human patients with insulinoma. All nodules were surgically resected and histopathologically confirmed as malignant insulinomas. Findings from the current study indicated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound may help to increase conspicuity of pancreatic insulinomas in dogs and that enhancement characteristics may be more variable in dogs than in humans.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas Using Bolus Injection and Continuous Infusion Methods in Normal Dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs With Acute Pancreatitis

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs With Acute Pancreatitis

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs

Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonographic Findings in Three Dogs With Pancreatic Insulinoma

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