Qualitative and quantitative determination of the primary active components and metabolites in human plasma after oral administration of Shuanghuanglian liquid

Abstract

Shuanghuanglian oral liquid is a common traditional Chinese medicine used to treat respiratory tract infections. Its major components are baicalin, chlorogenic acid, and forsythin. In this study, the main drug‐related components in human plasma after oral administration of Shuanghuanglian were initially identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Thirteen components from baicalin were identified, including the parent drug baicalin and aglycone baicalein. Only one metabolite related to chlorogenic acid, a sulfate conjugate formed after hydrolysis, and one metabolite related to forsythin, a sulfate conjugate of forsythin aglycone, were detected. Subsequently, a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated to simultaneously determine baicalin and baicalein, the primary active components. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a BEH C18 column using a 5 min‐gradient elution to avoid interference from baicalin isomers and their in‐source dissociation. Excellent linearity was observed over the concentration ranges of 5.00–2000 ng/ml for baicalin and 1.00–100 ng/ml for baicalein. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of an oral administration of 60 ml Shuanghuanglian in healthy subjects. This study provided a foundation to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghuanglian further.

Ecofriendly appraisal of stability‐indicating high‐performance chromatographic assay of canagliflozin and metformin with their toxic impurities; in silico toxicity prediction

“…Liquid chromatography is still the most applicable technique of choice for the analysis of drugs, pharmaceuticals, amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and polymers, [27][28][29][30][31]. Based on the aforementioned revealed date; the proposed HPTLC-densitometric method was a must as the first determination of CN, MT, their respective major degradation products, DG, CG, and MT toxic impurity, ML in laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutically formulated combinations containing CN and MT after ICH validation and statistically comparing the proposed method's results with those of the reported method [9].…”

Characterization of chemical ingredients and in rats metabolic profiling of Lingyang Qingfei pills via ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with Quadrupole‐Exactive Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry

“…A total of 58 metabolites (MA1-MA58) were detected in rats, including two naringin (PA5), fourteen liquiritin (PA6), two hesperidin (PA7), twelve baicalin (PA8), six liquiritigenin (PA10), five naringenin (PA18), three hesperetin (PA20), eight baicalein (PA21), one wogonin (PA24), and five nobiletin (PA27) related metabolites. We conjectured that MA10, MA15, and MA29 were new compounds of baicalin (PA8), hesperidin (PA20), and liquiritigenin (PA10) phase-II biotransformations based on reports[25,26,27]. The precursor ion [C 22 H 20 O 15 S+H] + of MA10 was 557.05817 at 9.97 min.…”