Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection

Schmidt, Dennis E.; Roznoski, Molly; Ebert, Michael H.

doi:10.1002/bmc.1130040509

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Samples were frozen on dry ice within 30 min of collection and later stored at À701C. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (Schmidt et al, 1990) was used to determine concentrations of tryptophan (the amino-acid precursor of 5-HT, TRP), homovanillic acid (the DA metabolite, HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (the 5-HT metabolite, 5-HIAA), and the metabolite ratio (HVA : 5-HIAA). Studies measuring the HVA : 5-HIAA ratio have been reported previously (Engstrom et al, 1999;Risby et al, 1987) and were also determined in these sets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Salomon

Kennedy

Johnson

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Unipolar and bipolar depressions show abnormal behavioral manifestations of ultradian (less than 24 h) rhythms, but abnormal rhythms of the central neurotransmitters thought to be important for depression pathophysiology (eg dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)) have not been shown in this time frame. Since antidepressant treatments normalize disrupted rhythms in depression (eg rapid-eyemovement sleep and hormonal rhythms), we hypothesized that depression-related changes in ultradian oscillations of DA and 5-HT might be revealed during antidepressant treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected q10 min for 24 h in 13 patients experiencing major depressive episodes (MDE) before and after treatment for 5 weeks with sertraline or bupropion were assayed for levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and their ratio was calculated. Data were analyzed in the frequency domain using Fourier transforms and multivariate permutation testing. Antidepressant treatments were associated with decreased variance for 5-HIAA, increased variance for HVA, and markedly increased variance for the HVA : 5-HIAA ratio (po0.05, po0.02, and po0.003, respectively). With treatment, the correlations between 5-HIAA and HVA weakened (p ¼ 0.06). Power spectral density (PSDFthe Fourier magnitude squared) of the 5-HIAA signals at periods of 1.75 and 3.7 h (both po0.05) decreased, while circadian cycling of HVA levels (po0.05) and of the ratio (po0.005) increased after treatment. The PSD of the full-length HVA : 5-HIAA ratio series after treatment increased in rapid variability (20-103 min periods, po0.05). Spectrographic windowing demonstrated a focal span of enhanced HVA : 5-HIAA ratio variability following antidepressant treatment, in an approximately 84-min period through the evening (po0.05). Periodic neurotransmitter relationships in depressed patients were altered by treatment in this analysis of a small data set. This may represent a baseline abnormality in the regulation of periodic functions involved in the depression pathophysiology, but it could also be due to an unrelated antidepressant effect. Further studies including comparisons with healthy subject data are in progress.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Salomon

Kennedy

Johnson

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A previously reported reductive electrochemical HPLC method was modified to measure TRP in plasma and CSF and 5-HIAA in CSF (Schmidt et al, 1990). 5-HIAA and TRP assays were stable across the 3-year study period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a Critical CSF Tryptophan Threshold Level with Depressive Relapse

Salomon

Kennedy

Johnson

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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This work studies association between relapse during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and CSF level of tryptophan (TRP) in remitted depressives treated with sertraline or bupropion. Eight medication-responding depressives ingested an ATD amino acid mixture during 48-h continuous CSF sampling before and after treatment. Mood rating scores were compared with nadir levels of TRP in CSF. CSF TRP nadirs averaged 8.7% of am baselines in remitted patients. Mood relapsed whenever the CSF nadir was below 40 nmol/l TRP in remitted patients, and never when above (Fisher's exact test, P ¼ 0.029). Relapsing medication responders also showed very low preantidepressant ATD-induced nadirs. ATD-induced relapses were associated with low CSF TRP levels. Individual susceptibility to depletion may be independent of antidepressant treatment, mood state, or treatment status. Resistance to relapse may invoke an undefined, protective CNS mechanism against extremely low CSF levels of TRP during ATD.

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“…Substances in the dialysates were corrected for individual probe recoveries to account for this source of variability, and although the exact relationship between dialysate concentration and actual extracellular transmitter content is not clear (Wages et al, 1986;Church and Justice, 1987;Benveniste et al, 1989;Stahle et al, 1991), values are presented as dialysate concentration to allow for meaningful comparisons with other data in the literature. For determination of tissue DA levels, tissue samples were prepared according to Schmidt et al (1990) before chromatographic analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Escalating Dose/Multiple High-Dose Binge Pattern of Amphetamine Administration Results in Differential Changes in the Extracellular Dopamine Response Profiles in Caudate-Putamen and Nucleus Accumbens

Kuczenski

Segal

1997

J. Neurosci.

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Amphetamine (AMPH)-induced psychosis is most frequently associated with a chronic high-dose "binge" or "run" pattern of stimulant abuse, generally preceded by a period of gradually escalating doses of the drug. We showed previously that animals subjected to such a regimen of AMPH administration developed, over multiple daily binges, a unique pattern of behavioral response that included a decrease in stereotypy and a pronounced increase in locomotion. Because of the involvement of mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopamine (DA) pathways in locomotion and stereotypy, respectively, we hypothesized that a persistent shift in the relative magnitude of caudateputamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens (NAC) DA transmission may contribute to this altered behavioral profile. To test this hypothesis, we examined CP and NAC extracellular DA in response to multiple high-dose AMPH binges. Our results revealed that with multiple binges the CP DA response but not the NAC response developed a profound tolerance/tachyphylaxis to the drug-induced increase in extracellular transmitter. These differential regional response alterations seem to correspond to the shift in the relative expression of stereotypy and locomotion. We hypothesize that changes in DA synthesis, perhaps mediated by regionally specific adaptations in DA autoreceptor function, contribute to the differential extracellular transmitter response profiles, and suggest that these neurochemical changes may have important implications for the mechanisms underlying the addictive and psychotogenic properties of AMPH.

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Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Association of a Critical CSF Tryptophan Threshold Level with Depressive Relapse

An Escalating Dose/Multiple High-Dose Binge Pattern of Amphetamine Administration Results in Differential Changes in the Extracellular Dopamine Response Profiles in Caudate-Putamen and Nucleus Accumbens

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