Qualitative and quantitative research of medication review and drug-related problems in Hungarian community pharmacies: a pilot study

Abstract

Background Pharmaceutical care is the pharmacist’s contribution to the care of individuals to optimize medicines use and improve health outcomes. The primary tool of pharmaceutical care is medication review. Defining and classifying Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) is an essential pillar of the medication review. Our objectives were to perform a pilot of medication review in Hungarian community pharmacies, a DRP classification was applied for the first time. Also, our goal was the qualitative and quantitative description of the discovered DRPs, and of the interventions for their solution in order to prove the safety relevance of the service and to map out the competence limits of GPs and community pharmacists to drug therapy. Methods The project took place in Hungarian community pharmacies. The study was performed with patients taking vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and/or ACE inhibitor and NSAID simultaneously (ACEI-NSAID). 61 pharmacists and 606 patients participated in the project. Pharmacists reviewed the medication for 3 months and the classification of DRPs was performed (category of DRP1 – DRP6). Patient data were statistically analyzed. Results Patients consumed on average 7.9 ± 3.1 medications and other products. 571 DRPs were detected in 540 patients, averaging 1.06 DRPs per patient (SD = 1.07). The highest frequency category was DRP5 (non-quantitative safety problem; 51.0%). The most common root cause was an interaction (42.0%) and non-adherence (19.4%.). The most commonly used intervention was education (25.4%) and medication replacement by the pharmacist (20.1%). The changing of the frequency and dosage in any direction were negligible. Conclusions Patients are struggling with many DRPs that can be assessed and categorized by this system and which remain unrecognizable without pharmacists. Further projects need to be developed to assist in the development of physician-pharmacist cooperation and the widespread dissemination of pharmaceutical care.

<p>Effectiveness of a Patient-Centered Weight Management Model in a Community Pharmacy: An Interventional Study</p>

“…These results are different from previous studies where the most frequent problem was related with the presence of adverse effects. 31,32 However, patients in previous studies consumed on average more medications than those in our study and the probability of adverse effects was greater.…”

Risk factors for drug-related problems in a general hospital: A large prospective cohort

“…Events related to medication use are common in adults [3] and children [4], at any level of care [5][6][7][8]. Problems involving medication are associated with a higher number of hospitalizations, long-term hospitalizations, admission to emergency services, additional visits to the doctor's office, additional prescriptions and death [9,10].…”

Incidence, types and acceptability of pharmaceutical interventions about drug related problems in a general hospital: an open prospective cohort

“…1 DRP are classified as manifested or potential. They are considered adverse events and occur in patients at all levels of healthcare, whether home care, 2 institutional long term care, 3 community pharmacy 4 or hospital. 5 In the hospital setting, incidence rates of DRP have been reported for specific patient populations, with high incidence rates in children 6 and the elderly, 7 as well as in certain clinical specialties such as cardiology, 8 neurology 9 and surgery.…”