Qualitative aspects of the effectiveness of Culpeo foxes ( Lycalopex culpaeus ) as dispersers of Prosopis alba (Fabaceae) in a Bolivian dry valley

Filling gaps in the seed dispersal effectiveness model forProsopis flexuosa: quality of seed treatment in the digestive tract of native animals

“…After a 3-d mean retention time for P. flexuosa seeds, our results showed a 43% recovery of the viable ingested seeds, of which only 8% were able to germinate, similar to the results for germination of P. flexuosa seeds obtained from faeces collected in the field (Campos and Ojeda, 1997). Other studies have also reported a low effect of digestion on germinability of seeds of Lithrea caustica and P. alba , and it has been proposed that retention time in the fox's digestive tract is too short to break the physical dormancy of seeds (León-Lobos and Kalin-Arroyo, 1994; Maldonado et al, 2018).…”

“…Several studies reported seed dispersal of different plants by species of Lycalopex (e.g. Pseudalopex and Dusicyon ), mainly comparing the viability and germination of seeds obtained from faeces collected in the field and seeds from trees (Bustamante et al, 1992; Castro et al, 1994; León-Lobos and Kalin-Arroyo, 1994; Campos and Ojeda, 1997; Varela and Bucher, 2006; Dellafiore, 2018; Maldonado et al, 2018). Only two studies carried out experiments in captivity, both of them with L. gymnocercus .…”

Genetic diversity and differentiation among Prosopis alba (Leguminosae) populations from dry valleys of Bolivia with different levels of human disturbance and altitude

“…In P. alba seeds are dispersed endozoically by mammals (Campos et al, ; Mares, Enders, Kingsolver, Neff, & Simpson, ; Reynolds, ), and pollen is dispersed by insects (Genisse et al, ), both conditions usually associated with limited dispersal. Some species as the Andean fox ( Lycalopex culpaeus ) in the Valley of La Paz are able to disperse seeds in dungs (Maldonado, Pacheco, & Saavedra, ) at medium distances although the effectiveness for the dispersal services for P. alba had been discussed (Maldonado, Loayza, Garcia, & Pacheco, ). Big mammals such as the guanaco ( Lama guanicoe ) were described as possible disperser of P. flexuosa and P. chilensis (Campos et al, ), species highly related to P. alba .…”

“…La Paz are able to disperse seeds in dungs (Maldonado, Pacheco, & Saavedra, 2014) at medium distances although the effectiveness for the dispersal services for P. alba had been discussed (Maldonado, Loayza, Garcia, & Pacheco, 2018). Big mammals such as the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) were described as possible disperser of P. flexuosa and P. chilensis (Campos et al, 2012), species highly related to P. alba.…”

Mamíferos del orden carnivora como dispersores de semillas en una zona semiárida del Estado de Puebla

“…Las diferencias encontradas en esta investigación en la germinación de P. laevigata consumidas por carnívoros y el control no concuerda con lo reportado para las semillas colectadas en Zapotitlán, en donde, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los porcentajes de germinación de las semillas consumidas por canívoros y el control (Zarco-Mendoza et al, 2018). El aumento en la velocidad de germinación registrado en este trabajo también difiere con lo reportado para la germinación de semillas de P. alba ingeridas por zorros culpeos, ya que en esa investigación no se detectaron diferencias (Maldonado et al, 2018). La similitud o diferencia en la velocidad de germinación, entre las semillas control y las de excretas, se debe al tiempo de retención que tuvieron las semillas en el tracto digestivo del carnívoro, ya que las semillas necesitan estar el tiempo suficiente en el tracto digestivo para que la testa sea reducida y así facilitar la permeabilidad de la semillas (Traveset et al, 2007).…”