2013
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7419-7
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Qualitative metabolism assessment and toxicological detection of xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer and drug of abuse, in rat and human urine using GC–MS, LC–MS n , and LC–HR-MS n

Abstract: Xylazine is used in veterinary medicine for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia. It has also been reported to be misused as a horse doping agent, a drug of abuse, a drug for attempted sexual assault, and as source of accidental or intended poisonings. So far, no data concerning human metabolism have been described. Such data are necessary for the development of toxicological detection methods for monitoring drug abuse, as in most cases the metabolites are the analytical targets. Therefore, the metabolism of xy… Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(19 citation statements)
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“…Figure S-4, SI). 92 We then conducted two MALDI-MSI experiments on consecutive coronal brain sections at spatial resolution of 100 µm. As illustrated in Figure 5, tissue examined with CHCA matrix showed virtually no signals from xylazine, whereas tissue sprayed with DCTB matrix clearly revealed the spatial distribution of the drug (normalized to isotope-labeled internal standard).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure S-4, SI). 92 We then conducted two MALDI-MSI experiments on consecutive coronal brain sections at spatial resolution of 100 µm. As illustrated in Figure 5, tissue examined with CHCA matrix showed virtually no signals from xylazine, whereas tissue sprayed with DCTB matrix clearly revealed the spatial distribution of the drug (normalized to isotope-labeled internal standard).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These concentrations account only for the parent drug, metabolites concentration were not determined. These metabolites are partially unknown, recently some were identified in human urine, but at this moment forensic toxicology laboratories are not screening for these metabolites [7, 8]. …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The settings were comparable to previously described by Meyer et al . A ThermoFisher Scientific (TF, Dreieich, Germany) Dionex LC system coupled to the TF LTQ Orbitrap (OT) equipped with a HESI II source was the device chosen.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%