Qualitative Structural Changes during Bark Development in Quercus Robur, Ulmus Glabra, Populus Tremula and Betula Pendula

Trockenbrodt, M.

doi:10.1163/22941932-90001199

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Birch bark is described as having a rhytidome composed by periderms with successive cork layers and phloem layers with several sclerenchymatic tissues (fibers, sclereids, cortical, and parenchyma cells) and showing conspicuous lenticels that contain suberized and non-suberized cells disposed in stratified layers (Bhat, 1982;Trockenbrodt, 1991;Ferreira et al, 2016b). Suberized layers are continuous across the lenticels and maintain in between the loose tissue together, breaking up successively as a new phellogen is formed.…”

Section: Periderm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork-Containing Barks—A Review

Leite

Pereira

2017

Front. Mater.

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Tree barks are among the less studied forest products notwithstanding their relevant physiological and protective role in tree functioning. The large diversity in structure and chemical composition of barks makes them a particularly interesting potential source of chemicals and bioproducts, at present valued in the context of biorefineries. One of the valuable components of barks is cork (phellem in anatomy) due to a rather unique set of properties and composition. Cork from the cork oak (Quercus suber) has been extensively studied, mostly because of its economic importance and worldwide utilization of cork products. However, several other species have barks with substantial cork amounts that may constitute additional resources for cork-based bioproducts. This paper makes a review of the tree species that have barks with significant proportion of cork and on the available information regarding the structural and chemical characterization of their bark. A general integrative appraisal of the formation and types of barks and of cork development is also given. The knowledge gaps and the potential interesting research lines are identified and discussed, as well as the utilization perspectives.

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Section: Periderm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork-Containing Barks—A Review

Leite

Pereira

2017

Front. Mater.

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“…Different from heartwood, bark changes its properties continuously with age, where thickness varies due to environmental, genetic and biological factors (Esau, 1969;Trockenbrodt, 1991). The bark proportion can reach up to 10% to 20% of the volume of harvested stems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equations of bark thickness and volume profiles at different heights with easy-measurement variables

Cellini

Galarza²,

Burns

et al. 2012

For. syst.

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The objective of this work was to develop equations of thickness profile and bark volume at different heights with easy-measurement variables, taking as a study case Nothofagus pumilio forests, growing in different site qualities and growth phases in Southern Patagonia. Data was collected from 717 harvested trees. Three models were fitted using multiple, non-lineal regression and generalized linear model, by stepwise methodology, iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation and Marquardt algorithm. The dependent variables were diameter at 1.30 m height (DBH), relative height (RH) and growth phase (GP). The statistic evaluation was made through the adjusted determinant coefficient (r 2 -adj), standard error of the estimation (SEE), mean absolute error and residual analysis. All models presented good fitness with a significant correlation with the growth phase. A decrease in the thickness was observed when the relative height increase. Moreover, a bark coefficient was made to calculate volume with and without bark of individual trees, where significant differences according to site quality of the stands and DBH class of the trees were observed. It can be concluded that the prediction of bark thickness and bark coefficient is possible using DBH, height, site quality and growth phase, common and easymeasurement variables used in forest inventories.Key words: multiple regression; non lineal regression; GLM; forest inventory; Nothofagus pumilio; Tierra del Fuego. Resumen Ecuaciones del grosor y volumen de corteza a diferentes alturas utilizando variables de fácil mediciónEl objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar ecuaciones de perfil del grosor y el volumen de corteza para diferentes alturas utilizando variables de fácil medición, tomando como caso de estudio los bosques de Nothofagus pumilio, creciendo en un gradiente de calidades de sitio y fases de crecimiento en Patagonia Sur. Se tomaron datos de 717 árboles. Se ajustaron tres modelos utilizando regresión múltiple, no lineal, y modelo lineal generalizado, mediante la metodología paso a paso, el algoritmo de Marquardt y de máxima verosimilitud. Las variables dependientes fueron el diámetro a 1,30 m de altura (DAP), altura relativa y la fase de crecimiento. Todos los modelos presentaron buen ajuste con una correlación significativa con la fase de crecimiento. Se observó una disminución en el espesor de corteza con el aumento de la altura relativa. Por otra parte, se desarrolló un coeficiente de corteza para calcular el volumen sin corteza de árboles, en donde se observaron diferencias significativas con la calidad de sitio y clases de DAP de los árboles. La predicción del espesor de la corteza y el coeficiente de la corteza es posible utilizando el DAP, altura, calidad de sitio y la fase de crecimiento, variables de fácil medición en inventarios forestales.Palabras clave: regresión múltiple; regresión no lineal; MLG; inventario forestal; Nothofagus pumilio; Tierra del Fuego. * Corresponding author: jmc@agro.unlp.edu.ar Recei...

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“…(Zahur 1959), Hibiscus syriacus L. (Belan 1970), Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Cheadle and Esau 1964), Magnolia grandiflora L. (Esau 1969), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Derr and Evert 1967), and Ulmus glabra Huds. (Trockenbrodt 1991). The micrographs were assumed to illustrate tissue representative of the species in question.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned cell development in the secondary phloem of dicotyledonous trees: a review and a hypothesis

Barlow

Lück²

2006

J Plant Res

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The secondary phloem of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs is constructed of sieve tube cells (S) and their companion cells, as well as parenchyma (P) and fibre (F) cells. Different species have characteristic sequences of these S, P and F cells within the radial files of their phloem. The sequences are recurrent, and are evidence of rhythmic cell determination and differentiation. A model was devised to account for the sequences found in various dicot tree species. It is based on the pattern of radial displacement of cells through a gradient of morphogen which supports secondary phloem development. According to this model, each tree species shows a particular pattern of post-mitotic cellular displacement along each radial file as a result of a corresponding sequence of periclinal division in the cambial initial and its descendents. The divisions and displacements ensure that at each timestep (equivalent to an interdivisional interval) each cell resides in a specific location within the morphogenic gradient. Cells then emerge from the post-mitotic zone of cell determination, having acquired different final positional values. These values lie above a series of thresholds that permit the respective determination and subsequent differentiation of one or other of the three cell types S, P and F. The recurrent nature of the sequences of the three cell types within each radial cell file, as well as their tangential banding, are a consequence of a shared rhythmic spatio-temporal pattern of periclinal cambial divisions. With a single set of morphogen parameters required for cell determination, and using three positions for cambial cell divisions, all the cellular sequences of secondary phloem illustrated in the literature can be accounted for.

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Qualitative Structural Changes during Bark Development in Quercus Robur, Ulmus Glabra, Populus Tremula and Betula Pendula

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Cork-Containing Barks—A Review

Cork-Containing Barks—A Review

Equations of bark thickness and volume profiles at different heights with easy-measurement variables

Patterned cell development in the secondary phloem of dicotyledonous trees: a review and a hypothesis

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