Qualitative Traits and Genetic Characterization of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Selected Areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines

Abstract

The Philippines has a number ofchicken genetic groups, mostly of non-descript and indigenous type. In view of the need to expand the information on native chicken diversity, this study was conducted to identify distinct qualitative traits and estimate genetic diversity and relationship among native chicken populations in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 native chickens were qualitatively analyzed using a non-parametrictest, and 43 generated mtDNA sequences were used in the genetic analysis. Results revealed significantly different distributions of plumage color among male native chickens and shank color in female native chickens (p<0.05). The occurrence of plumage pattern, earlobecolor and shank colorfor male native chickens and plumage color, plumage pattern, and earlobe color for female native chickens across Samar Island is not different (p>0.05). The genetic relationship showed 41.2% native chicken populations clustered to a group shared by Red junglefowl and native chicken, 29.4% clustered to a group closer to White Leghorn, and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, 17.6% clustered to a group shared by G, g. spadiceus and a commercial line, and 11.7% clustered to a group closer to Rhode Island Red and a commercial egg layer line. Samar native chickens had red (wild-type, e+) laced (lg) and brown (eg) pencilled (Pg) plumage in rooster and hen, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic information concluded that there is considerable diversity of native chickens in Samar, Philippines. There is a tremendous opportunity to work with larger sample size in the areas where a number of indigenous chickens have notyetbeen characterized.

Morphometric Diversity and Genetic Relationship of “Bangkok” Chicken (Thai Game Fowl) in East Java, Indonesia

“…This finding was in line with Arlina et al (2015); Maharani et al (2018);and Tamsil et al (2020) that yellow and white or a mixture of these color were the dominant shank color found in Indonesia native chicken. Similar studies found that white and yellow were dominant in native chicken shanks in Bangladesh (Sharker et al, 2014), in South-Western Ethiopia (Bayou et al, 2022;Tadele et al, 2018), in Eastern and Western Samar of the Philippines (Godinez at al., 2020), and in transboundary area of Jammu and Kashmir in India (Singh et al, 2022).…”

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“…Upaya identifikasi, pendokumentasian, dan pemanfaatan ayam Kampung terutama informasi tentang karakteristik genetik fenotipik dan molekuler dari populasi ayam tersebut adalah sangat penting untuk pengambilan keputusan strategis mengenai konservasi dan/atau perbaikan mutu genetiknya (Boettcher et al, 2010). Data karakterisasi Ayam kampung secara fenotip maupun genotip masih dianggap penting untuk merancang konservasi ternak, pengembangan, dan program pemuliaan untuk pengelolaan genetik hewan sumber daya di tingkat lokal, nasional, regional, dan global (Godinez et al, 2020). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi fenotipe dan genotipe sifat kualitatif ayam Kampung di Kecamatan Nusaniwe Kota Ambon.…”