Objectives
Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease associated with significant morbidity. Fatigue, a widely recognized disease manifestation, has considerable impacts on patients' work productivity, physical function, and mental well-being. However, reported prevalence of fatigue is still varied across studies and pooled data is currently lacking. The current study aims to characterize the prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA and identify factors associated with fatigue.
Methods
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to determine the global prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA. Databases including CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until April 2023. Data were extracted and the studies’ quality was assessed. A pooled prevalence of fatigue was determined by employing a random-effects model. Meta-analyses were used to determine the observed heterogeneity via subgroup analysis and associations between relevant predictors and the presence of fatigue.
Results
30 eligible articles were included in the study, including 7893 patients with axSpA. The pooled prevalence of fatigue in patients with axSpA was 0.56 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.63, I2 = 94.6%), with significant levels of heterogeneity. Among the factors of heterogeneity explored, the geographical region of the study (p = 0.0013) was significant for being a possible source. Poorer quality of life was associated with more fatigue (p-value <0.05).
Conclusions
More than half of patients with axSpA experience fatigue, with poorer quality of life being associated with more fatigue.
Lay Summary
What does this mean for patients?
We reviewed data from 30 different studies to find out how common fatigue is in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). We also looked at factors that are associated with fatigue. The data suggest that fatigue is present in about half of AxSpA patients. Patients who had poor quality of life also appeared to have more fatigue. Gender, the use of anti-tumor necrosis factors (a type of drug used to treat AxSpA), age, disease duration, functional status, C-reactive protein levels and disease activity levels did not seem to be associated with fatigue levels. Patients might want to consider factors that could improve their quality of life when discussing their levels of fatigue with their treating physician and making shared-care decisions.