Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to assess the chemistry (41 metalloids and heavy metals and 16 physico-chemical indicators) of groundwater sampled from the protected area of the Tisa River Basin during the months of 2021. Pollution indices were used in order to determine the potential metal pollution level. Consequently, a non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metal through the ingestion of water was done. The results indicated general contamination with ammonium, chloride, iron, and manganese. The samples were rich in Cu, Mg, and Pb, but lower than the maximum limits. Significant correlations were noticed between Al-Fe, Mn-Fe, Mn-Ni, and Cr-Zn, as well as the metal content and pollution index scores. The metal pollution indices indicated three pollution levels (low, medium, and high) based on the metal content and standards regarding the water quality used for drinking purposes. The pollution indices scores ranged from 1.52–41.2. A human health risk assessment indicated no potential non-carcinogenic risk for the studied metals through the consumption of groundwater. The results of three different tools (chronic daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index) were below the critical value, except for the aluminium in two samples. This study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the quality of groundwater sources associated with the human health risks of the studied metals from the Tisa River Basin protected area. Based on this research, strategies for managing and controlling the risks can be developed.

Geospatial quality assessment of locally available ice for heavy metals and metalloids and their potential risks for human health in Karachi, Pakistan

“…These results were consistent with those of Kumar et al (2016) [ 57 ] in India, who reported that an HQ value more than 1 indicated a sign of health danger in the human body. No possible non-carcinogenic risk for the investigated metals was found in a human health risk assessment including groundwater drinking in the Tisan River protected area [ 58 ].…”

“…These kinds of ice would be harmful to public health and could cause bad taste, kidney stones and cardiovascular illnesses. Similarly, some ice samples have high SO 4 and NO 3 contents and they have some adverse health concerns [ 58 ]. Dehydration, gastrointestinal irritability, and catharsis are all caused by high sulphate levels.…”

“…Thus, the public's health may be compromised by drinking water tainted with high levels of metals, as it may have an adverse effect on their neurological, carcinogenic, and cardiovascular systems [ 40 , 58 ]. High metal consumption has been shown to have negative consequences on human health, and numerous studies have documented these effects.…”

“…High metal consumption has been shown to have negative consequences on human health, and numerous studies have documented these effects. Diabetes, heart, lung and cancer illnesses can all be brought on by long-term usage of arsenic-contaminated water even at low levels [ 55 , 58 ]. Pb can affect multiple systems and major organs, anaemia, and deformities in humans that are irreversible due to its high toxicity, oxidative degradation, and bioaccumulative properties [ [65] , [66] , [67] ].…”

Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania

“…Based on the pollution index scores, samples are characterized by low heavy metal pollution (heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal pollution evaluation index (HEI) scores < 10.0), medium heavy metal pollution index (10 < HPI and HEI < 30), and also high heavy metal pollution (30 < HPI < 45). The pollution indices were calculated for As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, and the results ranged between 1.52 and 41.2 [ 76 ].…”