Quality and hydrochemistry of groundwater used for drinking in Lahore, Pakistan: analysis of source and distributed groundwater

Abbas, Zainab; Su, Chunli; Fazeelat, Tahira; Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike; Aziz, Syed Zahid

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4432-5

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Table 6 provides a comparison of this condition with other investigations. Studies have indicated that using softened water can increase the cycle of concentration (Abbas et al, 2015), however, this study's freshwater quality is suitable for cooling tower systems, as shown by previous research (Siddique et al, 2021).…”

Section: Reduction Of Cooling Water Consumption At Syntan Plantmentioning

confidence: 60%

Application of effluent reduction methods and treatment using advanced oxidation process at leather chemicals and tanning industries

Ali,

Shaikh,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The current study set out to assess and create long-term solutions for improving environmental performance concerning water use, wastewater production, and treatment at Syntan plant (glass-lined vessel unit) and application laboratory (small-scale leather retanning. Based on evaluations and analyses, best available techniques including water gauging, pressurized vessel washing, dedication of vessels to similar production, reuse techniques, developing commercial grade intermediate products from wash water, managing cooling water and developing reuse methods of reverse osmosis reject water were applied to reduce water consumption and effluent generation in process and non-process activities. Furthermore, the reduced effluent was subjected to treat using electrochemical processes, i.e., electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton, before it was drained to outside environment. As a result of the applications, 0%–100% change was measured in various process and non-process activities, whereas, 12.8%–100% reduction was measured in effluent. Soft cooling water consumption was reduced by 46.7%. The results of treated effluent parameters were compared and found the final removal efficiencies of total dissolved solids (51.4%), total suspended solids (99.2%), chemical oxygen demand (98.5%) and electric conductivity (67.7%). It is concluded that this study can be considered as a successful model to increased water efficiency in chemical industries, Furthermore, it could serve as a building block for the incorporation of cleaner and sustainable production approach into national agenda and to overcome stern issues of high-water and energy consumption and effluent management in different industries.

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Section: Reduction Of Cooling Water Consumption At Syntan Plantmentioning

confidence: 60%

Application of effluent reduction methods and treatment using advanced oxidation process at leather chemicals and tanning industries

Ali,

Shaikh,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The observed mean alkalinity value indicates presence of large quantities of alkaline substances in raw and filtered water, which can help buffer against sudden pH changes. High alkalinity is disagreeable because it causes deposits of carbonate salts and encrustations in distribution systems causing corrosion and effect the durability of the system (Abbas et al, 2015). Significant variability in alkalinity levels within the study area suggesting alkalinity changes along different location depending upon the dissolution of bicarbonates minerals and the underlying geology.…”

Section: Alkalinitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bicarbonates in combination with polyvalent ions such as calcium and magnesium cations cause temporary hardness which can result in scale formation in the distribution pipe systems of water (Abbas et al, 2015) (Ponsadailakshmi et al, 2018). Due the presence of bicarbonates water of filtration plants is highly alkaline and may cause hardness and corrosion in plumbing system.…”

Section: Alkalinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of hydro-chemical analysis and GIS for assessment of drinking water quality and health risks of filtration plants in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Hussain,

Farooqi

2024

Preprint

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The present study is about vast domain of water quality analysis, encompassing a comprehensive exploration of physical, chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e., Cadmium and lead, which determined the quality and composition of drinking water of 45 WASA filtration plants in Rawalpindi. All the physical parameters EC, TDS, salinity, and pH were calculated on site through field kits and chemical and ionic parameters were analyzed in the laboratory using various techniques of titrations and spectrophotometry. Water quality index was determined using all the parameters. Health risk assessment of heavy metals was done and Health Index for both children and adults were determined following the standard protocol of USEPA. For social and economic evaluation of plants interview was hold with the institute and a questionnaire survey was done to know the responses of public. Spatial distribution, variations of different parameters was shown in spatial maps made in ArcGIS by ESRI. Results showed elevated levels of lead and cadmium above the standards of WHO suggesting 21 % of plants are risky for public health. WQI results revealed that 40% of samples were of excellent quality and 13% showed very poor quality. Results of Ionic trends indicated high levels of Ca2+, HCO3- Mg2+ and Cl-. Cations show Ca2+ >Mg2+>Na+ while anions show HCO3->Cl->SO42->NO3>PO43- trend. From social survey it was found that there is contradiction between public perception and WASA operation. With overuse of water and growing population groundwater table is going down therefore water is supply twice a day for 4 hours. The findings illuminate the importance of continuous observance and systematic management of water systems. The study’s recommendations encompass a holistic monitoring approach, tailored treatment strategies, community empowerment, infrastructure upgrades, regulatory oversight, research-driven innovation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Implementation of these strategies promises transformative outcomes, securing the purity and availability of water resources for a healthier and more prosperous future. In our role as custodians of this invaluable asset, it is our shared responsibility to safeguard its sanctity and sustain its vitality.

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“…Threats to water quality include operational at water sources while water mains and bacterial pollution, harmful metals such as arsenic, sewer. Abbas et al (2015) [29] assessed the quality iron, cadmium, and nickel, pesticides, and in of drinking water at the source and throughout the certain locations nitrates and fluorides within distribu tion system, and they examined the Pakistan [17]. Iron is a major element required by hydrochemical properties and formation processes our body.…”

Section: Total Hardness and Alkalinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of water purification plants of Lahore

Majeed,

Shahid,

Ali

et al. 2023

JPIChE

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Water purification plants play an important role in human health and the environment. The Water Purification Plants of Lahore provide an adequate assessment of water to fulfill the needs of drinking water human beings. The current study was conducted to check the quality of drinking water of plants by checking the biological, physical, and chemical properties of different areas of Lahore City. Water samples were analyzed with some metal contents in the samples by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Safety assessment of water purification plants covered the inspection survey of those plants installed in three zones of Lahore. A total number of 30 samples were collected from three zones (urban, suburban, and old areas) of Lahore with 10 samples each from a single zone. All water samples of suburban & urban regions were having electrical conductivities more than the permissible limit. The water samples of five suburban areas were high TDS values. All water samples of urban areas and old cities had normal turbidity values except for two locations. Water samples of six urban areas had a total hardness of more than the acceptable limit (66-125 ppm). Waters of five areas had an extremely low value of iron (0.005 - 0.092 mg/l). Various blocks from Model town were having extremely low values of iron (0.002 - 0.094 mg/l). Seven regions of old city areas had low values of iron (0.004 - 0.078 mg/l). Water samples of old city, suburban and urban areas were having allowed levels of manganese. Five regions from suburban areas had total coliform counts greater than 20 per 100 ml. All samples from urban areas had exceeding total coliform counts except in two blocks. Five regions from suburban areas had total coliform counts greater than 20 per 100 ml. The majority of residents reported typhoid followed by diarrhea, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis during the last three years. Many water purification plants had defective taps, seals, and drainage channels. Many were surrounded by garbage and dirty floors. To avoid waterborne infections, it is critical to maintain adequate hygiene and maintenance for local water purification facilities without changing the chemical composition and nutritional levels of drinking water.

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Quality and hydrochemistry of groundwater used for drinking in Lahore, Pakistan: analysis of source and distributed groundwater

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Application of effluent reduction methods and treatment using advanced oxidation process at leather chemicals and tanning industries

Application of effluent reduction methods and treatment using advanced oxidation process at leather chemicals and tanning industries

Integration of hydro-chemical analysis and GIS for assessment of drinking water quality and health risks of filtration plants in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Safety assessment of water purification plants of Lahore

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