Quality and year-round availability of water delivered by improved water points in rural Tanzania: effects on coverage

Palencia, Alejandro Jiménez Fernández de; Foguet, Agustí Pérez

doi:10.2166/wp.2011.026

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The analysis provides a complete picture of how well the sector is faring, while enables comprehensive understanding of key sector-related constraints to development. It is thus essential that the monitoring framework looks beyond data on service coverage and integrate a broader view of service delivery (Giné Jiménez and Pérez Foguet, 2012;Joint Monitoring Programme, 2011). Amongst others, information about institutional, financial, management and environmental issues should be adequately addressed.…”

Section: Design Of Planning Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Garriga

Palencia

Foguet

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Today, a vast proportion of people still lack a simple pit latrine and a source of safe drinking water. To help end this appalling state of affairs, there is a pressing need to provide policymakers with evidences in which base effective planning, targeting and prioritization. Two major challenges often hinder this process: i) lack of reliable data to identify which areas are most in need; and ii) inadequate instruments for decision-making support.In tackling previous shortcomings, this paper proposes a monitoring framework to compile, analyse, interpret and disseminate water, sanitation and hygiene information. In an era of decentralization, where decision-making moves to local governments, we apply such framework at the local level. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate tools for decentralized planning support. To this end, the study first implements a methodology for primary data collection, which combines the household and the waterpoint as information sources. In doing so, we provide a complete picture of the context in which domestic WASH services are delivered. Second, the collected data are analysed to underline the emerging development challenges. The use of simple planning indicators serves as the basis to i) reveal which areas require policy attention, and to ii) identify the neediest. Third, a classification process is proposed to prioritize among various populations. Three different case studies from East and Southern African countries are presented. Results indicate that accurate and comprehensive data, if adequately exploited through simple instruments, may be the basis of effective targeting and prioritization, which are central to sector planning. The application of the proposed framework in the real world, however, is to a certain extent elusive; and we point out to conclude two specific challenges that remain unaddressed, namely the upgrade of existing decisionmaking processes to enhance transparency and inclusiveness, and the development of data updating mechanisms.

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Section: Design Of Planning Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other aspects which may hinder accessibility are seasonality, quality and affordability (Howard and Bartram, 2003;Jiménez and Pérez Foguet, 2012). Therefore, water coverage can be categorised in terms of service level, by considering a combination of aforementioned requirements (Howard and Bartram, 2003;Kayser et al, 2013).…”

Section: Water Supply Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Garriga

Palencia

Foguet

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…For instance, quality issues are highly prioritized by both international and Nicaraguan experts, but they are not a priority for Mozambican experts. The fact that quality is the most critical criterion for a large part of experts is fully consistent with international concern about the necessity to better include quality issues in global monitoring (Jiménez and Pérez-Foguet 2012;Joint Monitoring Programme 2014a;Bain et al 2012).…”

Section: Regional Settingsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Influence of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Normative Content in Measuring the Level of Service

et al. 2016

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Human Rights to Water and Sanitation (HRWS) have been consolidated as relevant frameworks to measure different levels of services. It is essential to move forward with specific initiatives that interpret the content of these human rights and operationalize them through specific metrics. However, some critical issues emerge in attempting this. Different approaches are proposed in this article to tackle this challenge: i) utilizing a participatory technique to discuss the relative importance of the normative criteria to define water and sanitation services, ii) defining a short list of key indicators to measure the different dimensions of HRWS, and iii) assessing the impact of different weighting systems in the constructing an aggregated index, which has been proposed as a useful tool to monitor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) from a rights perspective. Two municipalities (in Mozambique and Nicaragua) were selected as initial case studies. The results suggest that there is a common understanding among the experts about prioritization of the HRWS criteria. Differences in the relative importance given to the HRWS criteria can be explained due to the particularities of the local context. Further, the research suggests that expert opinions may be partially conditioned by targets and indicators proposed at the international level. Although the influence of weighting techniques on aggregated measures and their utilization in the decision-making process are limited, this methodology has a great potential for adapting specific WASH metrics to different regional, national, and/or local contexts taking into account the HRWS normative content.

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“…A further issue concerns the definitions employed, which are too infrastructure-based. The human rights framework demands reinforced monitoring mechanisms to measure progress towards the realization of the right to water and sanitation (Roaf et al, 2005); and beyond coverage data, monitoring systems should provide a more complete picture of the context in which the service is delivered (Hunt, 2001;Cotton & Bartram, 2008;Sutton, 2008;Jiménez & Pérez Foguet, 2012). Issues such as physical accessibility, availability (quantity and reliability), safety, affordability, management, accountability and non-discrimination should be effectively integrated.…”

Section: Criticism Of the Jmpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there is weak evidence to establish the relationship between safe water and improved sources, and this has been acknowledged in literature elsewhere (Sutton, 2008;Rietveld et al, 2009;Joint Monitoring Programme, 2011a;Jiménez & Pérez Foguet, 2012) and in a series of country reports which have been recently published by WHO and UNICEF (e.g., WHO/UNICEF, 2010a, b). In the area of intervention, the assessment of drinking water quality at the source confirms this hypothesis, and bacteriological contamination is detected in almost half (47.9%) of sampled improved water points.…”

Section: Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, sanitation, hygiene and rural poverty: issues of sector monitoring and the role of aggregated indicators

Garriga

Foguet

2013

Water Policy

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Water and sanitation improvements together with hygiene (WASH) are central to health. However, progress in ensuring access to these basic services remains inadequate, particularly in the rural developing world. To remedy this appalling situation, decision-makers need reliable data on which to base planning, targeting and prioritization. However, the challenges of collecting such data and producing consistent evidence are diverse. To influence policy, data have to be easily and meaningfully interpreted. In addition, the evaluation framework needs to capture the complexity inherent in the delivery of rural services. And with limited resources, the neediest must be prioritized. In this paper we compare three different monitoring and evaluation approaches: health impact indicators, standard indicators of the World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), and one multidimensional, WASH-focused indicator. From a policy-making perspective, the likely utility of the outcomes produced by each approach is discussed. The epidemiological study produces misleading results, which do not help draw relevant conclusions. JMP indicators provide reasonable quality basic estimates of coverage across different contexts, but are inappropriate to build up a complete picture of such context. The index approach takes into account a broader view of service level, and proves useful as a policy tool to guide action towards improved service delivery.

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Quality and year-round availability of water delivered by improved water points in rural Tanzania: effects on coverage

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

The Influence of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation Normative Content in Measuring the Level of Service

Water, sanitation, hygiene and rural poverty: issues of sector monitoring and the role of aggregated indicators

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