Quality assessment and discrimination of the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and Cynanchum wilfordii by HPLC–UV analysis

Abstract

Cynanchum auriculatum and Cynanchum wilfordii are widely used as folk medicine in Eastern Asia. However, the indeterminacy in the authentic original plant material has resulted in the same appellative name being given to the two plants, and they are commonly misused. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an analytical method for discrimination as well as quality control of the two species. This study was to develop HPLC-UV methods for quality assessment of C. auriculatum and C. wilfordii and discrimination between the two species. Two HPLC methods to analyze eight marker compounds were established and validated. The first method analyzed seven marker compounds simultaneously on a reversed-phase column, while the second method analyzed a single marker compound, conduritol F, which exists only in C. wilfordii, on a Si-column. Thirty-nine batches of C. auriculatum and nineteen batches of C. wilfordii that were collected from different geographical regions of South Korea were analyzed by these methods. The constructed data matrix was subjected to principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in order to classify the samples. The established methods offer a potential strategy for authentication and differentiation of the two species.

Modern analytical methods for the detection of food fraud and adulteration by food category

“…wilfordii and C . auriculatum . Moreover, genotype analysis involving real‐time PCR amplification can easily, quickly and accurately distinguish the two species …”

Discrimination and Proper Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix, and Cynanchi Auriculati Radix in Korea: A Descriptive Review

“…The components of CWR are as follows: cynandione A [19], cynanoneside B, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, wilfoside K1N, wilfoside C1N [20], β -sitosterol, wilfoside C3N, methyleugenol, wilfoside C1G, cynauriculoside A, daucosterol, acetovanillone, sucrose, geniposide, succinic acid, bungeiside A [21], and cynanchone A [22]. …”

“…The components of CAR are the following: cynandione A [19]; cynanoneside B; p-hydroxyacetophenone; 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone; 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone; wilfoside K1N; wilfoside C1N [20]; C21-steroidal glycoside [23]; cyanoauriculosides F, G, and H [24]; wilfoside C3N [25]; taraxasterol acetate; cynanchone A; succinic acid; betulinic acid; kidjoranin [25]; auriculoside A [26]; caudatin; metaplexigenin; azelaic acid; wilforibiose; sucrose; 1-O-hexadecanolenin; beta-amyrin acetate; acetylquinol; beta-sitosterol; and daucosterol [27]. …”

“…However, it is difficult to distinguish between CWR and CAR because their external morphology and components are very similar. Li et al suggested that conduritol F might be a unique marker compound that can be used for discriminating between CWR and CAR because it exists only in CWR [20]. CWR can therefore be distinguished from CAR by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of conduritol F, but it is impossible to identify CAR in the mixtures or products that contain both CWR and CAR.…”

Cynandione A from <i>Cynanchum wilfordii</i> Attenuates the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in LPS-Induced BV-2 Microglial Cells <i>via</i> NF-κB Inactivation

“…The bioactive constituents of Cynanchum species have been explored in a number of studies. [16][17][18] It has been reported that acetophenones, cynandione A (CA) and its derivatives, had exhibited neuroprotective and anti-tumor activities. [19][20][21] In view of the importance of acetophenones in the biological function of Cynanchum species and the fact that CA may suppress microglial activation, we investigated whether CA suppress microglial activation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia.…”