Quality assessment of binder pitches for carbon and graphite electrodes

Wagner, Manfred H.; Jäger, Hubert; Letizia, I.; Wilhelmi, G.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(88)90152-4

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, solvent extraction techniques are amenable to be applied at larger scales. Specifically, extraction/solubilization using quinoline (standard ASTM D2318 or ASTM D7280 test methods) or toluene (standard ASTM D4312 or ASTM D4072 test methods) has become the main practical method to assess pitch quality 9 in practical industrial applications. The relative proportions of quinoline-insoluble and toluene-insoluble fractions determine the pitches softening and coking properties, which in turn are important for their applicability in various manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2: Solvent-Separated Fractions of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

et al. 2016

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Complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures separated from a coal tar pitch (CP) and naphthalene pitch (NP) by sequential extraction with heptane and toluene were characterized in detail by applying a multiarray analytical approach. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOFMS), and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to relate the volatility and coking yield of pitch components to their solubility and molecular weight distribution. Spectroscopic analysis, including infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and fluorescence spectroscopy, proved to be useful for measuring specific features of aromatic systems, such as the aromatic content, degree of aliphatic substitution, and size distribution of PAHs of different molecular weights. In particular, it has been shown that the spectroscopic analysis is an essential tool for characterizing very large PAH systems concentrated in the pitch toluene-insoluble fraction. This fraction constitutes a case study of very large, structurally different aromatic compounds, and it is the pitch fraction more relevant for practical applications because of its higher coking tendency and peculiar optical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2: Solvent-Separated Fractions of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

et al. 2016

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“…Because of the chemical complexity and low volatility of pitches, different analytical tools have been used for their detailed and complete analysis, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and liquid and gas chromatography. , Optical microscopy, high-temperature ultracentrifugation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis have been applied to measure features of pitch samples as the mesophase character. Solvent fractionation has also been employed to sharpen and simplify the composition to be analyzed and is commonly used for the evaluation of pitch quality for their industrial use . Solvent fractionation has also been used to eliminate the volatile fraction and gather the insoluble fraction that is more prone to form mesophase carbon materials, even though it was early established that solubility and mesophase formation are unconnected phenomena …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

et al. 2015

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The different thermal behaviors and solubilities of large and structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures featuring coal tar pitch (CP) and naphthalene synthetic pitch (NP) samples could be read in light of their different molecular weight (MW) distribution and spectroscopic features. The number-average MW obtained by mass spectrometry for CP (417 Da) and NP (691 Da) resulted to be lower in comparison to the values evaluated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (796 and 824 Da for CP and NP, respectively) because of the different response of the detector of mass spectrometry to low-and high-MW components. Hence, SEC showed to be more suitable for the analysis of PAH mixtures overlapping and covering a higher mass range in comparison to mass spectrometry. Insights into structural PAH features were given by means of spectroscopic analysis [infrared (IR), ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis), and fluorescence], allowing for the discrimination between different families of PAHs as ortho-fused PAHs and rylenes interspersed with aliphatic (mainly naphthenic) groups, mainly featuring CP and NP, respectively. Besides showing the different aromaticity and aliphatic/aromatic hydrogen distribution, the improvement of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV−vis absorption analysis put also in evidence the contribution of carbon-rich particle impurities and PAH aggregates in CP and NP, respectively.

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“…The upper temperature bound of the hot-pressing system was 400 ℃. Ultra-high purity nitrogen was purged 8 through the hot-pressing enclosure, so as to remove all the intermediate gaseous products. Under these constant conditions, the mixture was thermally pressed from both ends for the selected soaking time of 1 to 4 hours, at 30 to 75 MPa pressure, so as to obtain a high-density.…”

Section: Green Composite Preparation By Hot-pressingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one crucial question that has to be 3 asked when assessing feedstock is which binders are capable to assume the role of petroleum pitch or coal tar pitch in carbonaceous products manufacturing. Specifically, what biomass source can offer a high coke yield [7], cross-linking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [4], and a high atomic C/H ratio, etc [8]. Clean lignin poses the opportunity for achieving these properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin/collagen hybrid biomaterials as binder substitute for specialty graphites and electrodes

Zhao

Cannon

Nieto-Delgado

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Sustainable biomaterial binders were developed from lignin and collagen to replace the conventional petroleum pitch and coal tar pitch binders that have been used when making specialty graphites and graphite electrodes. The team prepared lab-scale graphite electrodes by first creating green composites, by hot-pressing together the lignin, collagen, petroleum coke, and other additives, followed by carbonization and graphitization. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design was employed, based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD).This was employed to optimize the recipes and processing protocols for the green composite hot-2 pressing of 3.5 cm diameter × 19 cm long cylinder specimens. Relative to density, the apparent optimum conditions occurred with 13.0% lignin, 3.6% collagen, 27.4% petroleum coke fines, and the balance of petroleum coke particles plus some additives. The green hot-pressing protocol employed 30 MPa pressure at 400 ℃ for 2 hours. Baking peaked at 800 ℃, ramped up and down over 13 days. This baked product hosted an apparent density of 1.67 g/mL, and exhibited 6.2% puffing. Another baked product hosted 1.56 g/mL and 1.67% puffing. After the baked product was graphitized, we achieved an apparent density of 1.51 g/mL and resistance of 25-30 µΩm.These results approached the specifications for specialty graphites.

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Quality assessment of binder pitches for carbon and graphite electrodes

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2: Solvent-Separated Fractions of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2: Solvent-Separated Fractions of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

Structural Characterization of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 1: The Case of Coal Tar Pitch and Naphthalene-Derived Pitch

Lignin/collagen hybrid biomaterials as binder substitute for specialty graphites and electrodes

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