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The objective of this work was to study the reasons for culling one-day old broiler chicks and to examine the relationship between the age and line of the hens and the culled chick’s body mass. Hatching eggs and day-old chicks were collected from a commercial flock of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broiler lines. The eggs were collected when the hens were 32, 42 and 52 weeks old. The reasons for culling the chicks were assessed immediately after the chicks had been removed from the hatcheries. The four main groups of defects were distinguished, depending on the part of the chick’s body. A fifth group covered general developmental defects. Within each group, the structural defects were identified in detail. The statistical analysis was performed in the R project. Amongst 57 600 chicks evaluated, 1042 malformations disqualifying them from further rearing were found in 666. The most frequent developmental defects were associated with the structure of the abdominal wall and umbilical cord: these were found in 155 chicks from the Ross 308 line and in 107 from the Cobb 500 line. In turn, umbilical defects occurred in 95 and 104 chicks from the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 lines, respectively. Abdominal defects were the most common in 107 chicks from the 42-week-old layers and in 89 chicks from the 52-week-old layers. There were also correlations between the age of the parent flock and the following defects: glued down, lack of down on the wings, contorted hips, wry neck and spine, and lack of a wake-up reflex. The average body weights of the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chicks were 44.00 g and 43.13 g, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. However, the age of the broiler breeders (42 or 52 weeks) did affect the chick’s body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The lightest chicks (40.75 g) came from the Ross 308 line (age 42 weeks) and were nearly 4 g lighter than all the other groups. Most relationships between the lines of the layer hens at a particular age and the occurrence of malformations in the chicks were found in the hens aged 32 weeks, which may indicate the need for changes in the management of the eggs from the youngest layers belonging to the different lines.
The objective of this work was to study the reasons for culling one-day old broiler chicks and to examine the relationship between the age and line of the hens and the culled chick’s body mass. Hatching eggs and day-old chicks were collected from a commercial flock of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broiler lines. The eggs were collected when the hens were 32, 42 and 52 weeks old. The reasons for culling the chicks were assessed immediately after the chicks had been removed from the hatcheries. The four main groups of defects were distinguished, depending on the part of the chick’s body. A fifth group covered general developmental defects. Within each group, the structural defects were identified in detail. The statistical analysis was performed in the R project. Amongst 57 600 chicks evaluated, 1042 malformations disqualifying them from further rearing were found in 666. The most frequent developmental defects were associated with the structure of the abdominal wall and umbilical cord: these were found in 155 chicks from the Ross 308 line and in 107 from the Cobb 500 line. In turn, umbilical defects occurred in 95 and 104 chicks from the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 lines, respectively. Abdominal defects were the most common in 107 chicks from the 42-week-old layers and in 89 chicks from the 52-week-old layers. There were also correlations between the age of the parent flock and the following defects: glued down, lack of down on the wings, contorted hips, wry neck and spine, and lack of a wake-up reflex. The average body weights of the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chicks were 44.00 g and 43.13 g, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. However, the age of the broiler breeders (42 or 52 weeks) did affect the chick’s body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The lightest chicks (40.75 g) came from the Ross 308 line (age 42 weeks) and were nearly 4 g lighter than all the other groups. Most relationships between the lines of the layer hens at a particular age and the occurrence of malformations in the chicks were found in the hens aged 32 weeks, which may indicate the need for changes in the management of the eggs from the youngest layers belonging to the different lines.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of 4 different quality criteria (chick weight, toe length, shank length and chick length) on live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality in broiler chicks at the end of the fattening period. A total of 192 male broiler chicks were used in the experiment, and two separate groups were formed for each quality criterion. In 1 day-old chicks, a heavy group and a light group (≥47.7 g and <47.7 g) were created for chick weight; and a tall group and a short group were created for each of the toe length (≥2.01 cm and <2.01 cm), shank length (≥2.9 cm and <2.9 cm) and chick length (≥18.3 cm and <18.3 cm) criteria. At the end of the six-week fattening period, the live weight was significantly higher in the heavy group compared to the light group; in the short toe group compared to the tall toe group; and in the short chick length group compared to the tall chick length group (P<0.01 and P<0.01). In terms of feed consumption, more feed was consumed in the heavy group compared to the light group; in the short shank group compared to the tall shank group; and in the short chick length group compared to the tall chick length group (P<0.01). The feed conversion ratios were influenced by the quality criteria, and the feed efficiency was better in the heavy group compared to the light group; in the short toe group compared to the tall toe group; and in the short chick length group compared to the tall chick length group. The mortality of the experimental groups showed significant differences in the groups other than the shank length group (P<0.05). ÖzetBu çalışma, etlik piliç civcivlerinde 4 farklı kalite ölçütünün (civciv ağırlığı, parmak uzunluğu, incik uzunluğu ve boy uzunluğu) besi dönemi sonundaki canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma ve ölüm oranı üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede toplam 192 adet erkek etlik piliç civcivi kullanılmış olup, her bir kalite ölçütü için iki farklı grup oluşturulmuştur. Günlük civcivlerde vücut ağırlığı için ağır ve hafif (≥47.7 ve <47.7 g); parmak uzunluğu (≥2.01 ve <2.01 cm), incik uzunluğu (≥2.9 ve <2.9) ve boy uzunluğu için uzun ve kısa (≥18.3 ve <18.3) olmak üzere ikişer grup oluşturulmuştur. Altı haftalık besi dönemi sonunda; ağır vücut grubu hafif gruba, kısa parmak grubu uzun parmak grubuna, kısa boy grubu uzun boy grubuna göre önemli (P<0.01 ve P<0.01) düzeyde yüksek canlı ağırlığa sahip olmuşlardır. Yem tüketimi bakımından ağır vücut grubu hafif gruba, kısa incik uzunluğu grubu uzun gruba ve kısa boy grubu ise uzun boy grubuna oranla daha fazla (P<0.01) yem tüketmiştir. Yemden yararlanma düzeyleri, kalite ölçütlerinden etkilenmiş olup ağır vücut grubu hafif gruba, kısa parmak grubu uzun parmak grubuna ve kısa boy grubu uzun boy grubuna oranla daha iyi yemden yararlanmıştır. Deneme gruplarına ait ölüm oranları ise, incik uzunluğu grubu dışındaki gruplarda önemli (P<0.05) düzeyde farklılıklar göstermiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Broiler, civciv kalitesi, besi performansı, ölüm oranı. TÜRK TA...
Bu çalışma, günlük yaştaki erkek etlik piliç civcivlerinin vücut ağırlığı, vücut uzunluğu, incik uzunluğu ve parmak uzunluğu ile canlı ağırlık artışı arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede toplam 192 adet erkek etlik piliç civcivi kullanılmış olup, hayvanlar her bir vücut ölçütü için iki farklı gruba ayrılmışlardır. Günlük civcivlerde, vücut ağırlığı için, ağır ve hafif (≥47.7 ve <47.7 g); vücut uzunluğu (≥18.3 ve <18.3 cm), incik uzunluğu (≥2.9 ve <2.9 cm) ve parmak uzunluğu için uzun ve kısa (≥2.01 ve <2.01 cm) olmak üzere ikişer grup oluşturulmuştur. Altı haftalık besi döneminde, söz konusu vücut ölçütlerinin haftalık ve kümülatif canlı ağırlık artışı üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, civciv uzunluğu bakımından, 5-6 haftalar arasındaki canlı ağırlık artışları uzun ve kısa gruplarda önemli (P<0.01) farklılıklar gösterirken, diğer haftalardaki farklılıklar önemsiz bulunmuştur. Parmak uzunluğu bakımından, uzun ve kısa gruplara ait canlı ağırlık ortalamaları 0-1 ile 4-5 haftalarda önemli (P<0.01, P<0.05) farklılıklar gösterirken, diğer haftalardaki farklılıklar önemsiz bulunmuştur. Civciv ağırlığı, 0-6 haftalık dönemdeki canlı ağırlık artışını önemli (P<0.05) düzeyde etkilemiş olup, ağır grup hafif gruba oranla daha fazla artış göstermiştir. Parmak uzunluğu bakımından, uzun ve kısa gruplara ait ortalamalar arasındaki farklılıklar, 0-1 ve 0-5 haftalar için önemli (P<0.01, P<0.05), diğer haftalar için önemsiz bulunmuştur. Haftalık canlı ağırlık artışları bakımından, haftalar arasındaki farklılıklar ise tüm gruplarda önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Deneme gruplarının haftalara göre canlı ağırlık artışlarında önemli ve pozitif korelasyonlar görülmüştür.
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