“…In addition to albumin and egg yolk, which provide nutrients to the embryos during incubation, the egg shell, which protects its weight values against external environments and is responsible for gas exchange, constitutes the three main elements of an egg (Hincke et al, 2012, Nangsuay et al, 2015. In poultry species, genotype (Tůmová et al, 2009, Lewko et al, 2021Krawczyk et al, 2023;Tadele et al, 2023), rearing conditions ( Tůmová et al, 2011), nutrition (Pérez-Bonilla et al, 2011), age (Akyurek and Okur, 2009;Zita et al, 2013;Chung and Lee, 2014;Park and Sohn, 2018) and storage (Tilki and Saatci, 2004;Demirel and Kırıkçı, 2009;Günhan and Kırıkçı, 2017;Nasri et al, 2020;Çam et al, 2022) affect the external quality of eggs.…”