Quality assessment of integrated water vapour measurements at the St. Petersburg site, Russia: FTIR vs. MW and GPS techniques

Virolainen, Ya. A.; Timofeyev, Yury; Kostsov, Vladimir S.; Ionov, Dmitry V.; Kalinnikov, V. V.; Makarova, Maria; Poberovsky, A. V.; Zaitsev, Nikita A.; Imhasin, Hamud; Polyakov, A. V.; Schneider, Mat­thias; Hase, Frank; Barthlott, Sabine; Blumenstock, Thomas

doi:10.5194/amt-10-4521-2017

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…html, last access: 3 July 2019); other interfering gases absorption is calculated based on spectroscopic information from HITRAN (high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database). The a priori information on the physical state of the atmosphere is taken from the NCEP CPC (National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center; ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ndacc/ncep/, last access: 1 May 2021); water vapor profiles used in the retrieval are independently derived from the FTIR measurements as per the technique described by Virolainen et al (2017). The a priori profiles of other interfering gases are taken from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Main Parameters Of the Retrieval Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The archive of ground-based spectroscopic measurements of IR solar radiation, performed at the NDACC site of St. Petersburg (Timofeyev et al, 2016;Virolainen et al, 2017) since 2009, has been used to derive TCs of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22. First, in Russia, estimates of CFC-11 TCs using the FTIR method and the original retrieval technique were given by Yagovkina et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Monitoring atmospheric anthropogenic halocarbons plays an important role in tracking their atmospheric concentrations in accordance with international agreements on emissions of ozone-depleting substances and, thus, in estimating the ozone layer recovery. Within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), regular Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements can provide information on the abundancies of halocarbons on a global scale. We improved retrieval strategies for deriving the CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), and HCFC-22 (CHClF2) atmospheric columns from IR solar radiation spectra measured by the Bruker IFS125HR spectrometer at the St. Petersburg site (Russia). We used the Tikhonov–Phillips regularization approach for solving the inverse problem with optimized values of regularization parameters. We tested the strategies developed by comparison of the FTIR measurements with independent data. The analysis of the time series of column-averaged dry air mole fractions (Xgas) measured in 2009–2019 gives mean values of 225 pptv (parts per trillion by volume; CFC-11), 493 pptv (CFC-12), and 238 pptv (HCFC-22). Trend values total −0.40 % yr−1 (CFC-11), −0.49 % yr−1 (CFC-12), and 2.12 % yr−1 (HCFC-22). We compared the means, trends, and seasonal variability in XCFC-11, XCFC-12, and XHCFC-22 to that of (1) near-ground volume mixing ratios (VMRs), measured at the observational site Mace Head, Ireland (GVMR), (2) the mean in the 8–12 km layer VMRs, measured by ACE-FTS and averaged over 55–65∘ N latitudes (SVMR), and (3) Xgas values of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) for the St. Petersburg site (WXgas). In general, the comparison of Xgas with the independent data showed a good agreement of their means within the systematic errors of the measurements considered. The trends observed over the St. Petersburg site demonstrate the smaller decrease rates for XCFC-11 and XCFC-12 than that of the independent data and the same increase rate for XHCFC-22. As a whole, Xgas, SVMR, and WXgas showed qualitatively similar seasonal variations, while the GVMR variability is significantly less, and only the WXHCFC-22 variations are essentially smaller than that of XHCFC-22 and SVMRHCFC-22.

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Section: Main Parameters Of the Retrieval Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

et al. 2021

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“…The archive of ground-based spectroscopic measurements of IR solar radiation performed at the NDACC site St. Petersburg (Timofeyev et al, 2016;Virolainen et al, 2017) since 2009 can be used to derive the data on TCs of . First in Russia estimates of the CFC-11 TCs using the FTIR method and the original retrieval technique were given by Yagovkina et al (2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Target gas absorption is calculated based on pseudo-lines (see mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov/pesudo.html for pseudo-lines), interfering gases absorption is calculated based on spectroscopic information from the HITRAN database which is described in detail by Polyakov et al (2019aPolyakov et al ( , b, 2020a. The apriori information on the physical state of the atmosphere is taken from the NCEP CPC (presented on ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ndacc/ncep); water vapor profiles used in the retrieval are independently derived from the FTIR measurements, the technique is described by Virolainen et al (2017). The apriori profiles of other interfering gases are taken from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM).…”

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Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

Polyakov¹,

Poberovsky²,

Makarova³

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The retrieval strategies for deriving the atmospheric total columns (TCs) of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), and HCFC-22 (CHClF2) from ground–based measurements of IR solar radiation have been improved. We demonstrate the advantage of using the Tikhonov-Phillips regularization approach for solving the inverse problem of the retrieval of these gases and give the optimized values of regularization parameters. The estimates of relative systematic and random errors amount to 7.61 % and 3.08 %, 2.24 % and 2.40 %, 5.75 % and 3.70 %, for CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22, respectively. We analyze the time series of the TCs and mean molar fractions (MMFs) of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 measured at the NDACC site St. Petersburg located near Saint Petersburg, Russia for the period of 2009–2019. Mean values of the MMFs for CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total 225, 493, and 238 pptv, respectively. Estimates of the MMFs trends for CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 account for −0.40 ± 0.07 %/yr, -0.49 ±0.05 %/yr, and 2.12±0.13 %/yr, respectively. We have compared the mean values, trends and seasonal variability of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 MMFs measured at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019 to that of 1) near–ground volume mixing ratios (VMRs) measured at the observational site Mace Head, Ireland (GVMR); 2) the mean in the 8–12 km layer VMRs measured by ACE–FTS and averaged over 55–65° N latitudes (SVMR); and the MMFs of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model for the St. Petersburg site (WMMF). The means of the MMFs are less than that of the GVMR for CFC-11 by 9 pptv (3.8 %), for CFC-12 by 24 pptv (4.6 %); for HCFC-22, the mean MMFs does not differ significantly from the mean GVMR. The absolute value of the trend estimates of the MMFs is less than that of the GVMR for CFC-11 (−0.40 vs −0.53 %/yr) and CFC-12 (−0.49 vs −0.59 %yr); the trend estimate of the HCFC-22 MMFs does not differ significantly from that of the GVMR. The seasonal variability of the GVMR for all three gases is much lower than the MMFs variability. The means of the MMFs are less than that of the SVMR for CFC-11 by 10 pptv (4.3 %), for CFC-12 by 33 pptv (6.3 %), and for HCFC-22 by 2 pptv (0.8 %). The absolute value of the trend estimates of the MMFs is less than that of the SVMR for CFC-11 (−0.40 vs −0.63 %/yr) and CFC-12 (−0.49 vs −0.58 %/yr); the trend estimate of the HCFC-22 MMFs does not differ significantly from that of the SVMR. The MMF and SVMR values show nearly the same qualitative and quantitative seasonal variability for all three gases. The means of the MMFs are greater than that of the WMMF for CFC-11 by 22 pptv (10 %), for CFC-12 by 15 pptv (3.1 %), and for HCFC-22 by 23 pptv (10 %). The absolute value of the trend estimates of the MMFs is less than that of the WMMF for CFC-11 (−0.40 vs −1.68 %/yr), CFC-12 (−0.49 vs −0.84 %/yr), and HCFC-22 (2.12 %/yr vs 3.40 %/yr). The MMFs and WMMF values show nearly the same qualitative and quantitative seasonal variability for CFC-11 and CFC-12, whereas the seasonal variability of the WMMF for HCFC-22 is essentially less than that of the MMFs. In general, the comparison of the MMFs with the independent data shows a good agreement of their means within the systematic error of considered measurements. The observed trends over the St. Petersburg site demonstrate the smaller decrease rates for CFC-11 and CFC-12 TCs than that of the independent data, and the same decrease rate for HCFC-22. The suggested retrieval strategies can be used for analysis of the IR solar spectra measurements using Bruker FS125HR spectrometers, e.g. at other IRWG sites of the NDACC observational network.

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An Illustration of the Possibility of Using GNSS Observations to Measure Evaporation Over a Reservoir Using the Example of Nizhnekamsk HPP

et al. 2021

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Quality assessment of integrated water vapour measurements at the St. Petersburg site, Russia: FTIR vs. MW and GPS techniques

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019

An Illustration of the Possibility of Using GNSS Observations to Measure Evaporation Over a Reservoir Using the Example of Nizhnekamsk HPP

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