Quality Assessment of Small Urban Catchments Stormwater Models: A New Approach Using Old Metrics

Abstract

Small urban catchments pose challenges in applying performance metrics when comparing measured and simulated hydrographs. Indeed, results are hampered by the short peak flows, due to rainfall variability and measurement synchronization errors, and it can be both difficult and inconvenient to remove base flows from the analysis, given their influence on combined sewer overflow (CSO) performance. A new approach, based on the application of metrics to peak flows for a selected set of different durations, is proposed and tested to support model quality assessment and calibration. Its advantages are: avoiding inconveniences arising from lags in peak flows and subjectivity of possible adjustments; favouring the assessment of the influence of base flow variability and flow lamination by CSOs; promoting integrated analysis for a wide range of rainfall events; facilitating bias identification and also guiding calibration. However, this new approach tends to provide results (e.g., for NSE, r2 and PBIAS) closer to optimal values than when applying metrics to compare the measured and simulated values of hydrographs, so the comparison of results with thresholds widely used in the literature should be done with caution. The various case study examples highlight the importance of using a judicious set of different metrics and graphical analyses.

Special Issue: Stormwater/Drainage Systems and Wastewater Management

“…The challenges in modelling small urban catchments are addressed by David and Mota [5] in their new approach to the quality assessment of stormwater models, adopting metrics to peak flows for a selected set of different durations. Kshirsagar and Khare [6] attempted to model the stormwater quality of mixed urban land use water in Pune, India, by developing support vector regression models. This is to understand the non-linear complex relationship of rainfall characteristics with significant stormwater pollutant parameters including dump trash materials, garbage, and roadside litter.…”